{"id":24742,"date":"2024-01-27T19:55:29","date_gmt":"2024-01-27T19:55:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/benin\/politique\/microbiote-intestin-cerveau-lintime-connexion"},"modified":"2024-01-27T20:04:37","modified_gmt":"2024-01-27T20:04:37","slug":"microbiote-intestin-cerveau-lintime-connexion","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/benin\/toutes-les-actualites\/microbiote-intestin-cerveau-lintime-connexion","title":{"rendered":"Microbiote-Intestin-Cerveau : L’Intime Connexion"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Benin. <\/strong><\/span>Cet article est issu du magazine Les Indispensables de Sciences et Avenir n\u00b0216 date\u0301 janvier\/ mars 2024.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Le syste\u0300me nerveux ente\u0301rique (relatif aux intestins, ndlr) n’a longtemps suscite\u0301 aucune curiosite\u0301 chez les scientifiques. Mais la de\u0301couverte de ses similitudes avec le cerveau a conduit a\u0300 le surnommer le ‘deuxie\u0300me cerveau’ de\u0300s 1995\u00a0\u00bb, se souvient Pascal Derkinderen, chercheur a\u0300 l’Institut du thorax et du syste\u0300me nerveux a\u0300 Nantes, spe\u0301cialiste franc\u0327ais du lien entre cerveau, intestins et maladies neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301ratives. \u00ab\u00a0Tre\u0300s vite, l’inte\u0301re\u0302t qu’on lui portait a e\u0301te\u0301 renforce\u0301 par son lien avec des pathologies: en 1997, on s’est aperc\u0327u que les personnes atteintes de la maladie de Parkinson ont toutes des le\u0301sions dans le tube digestif\u00a0\u00bb, raconte le neurologue.<\/p>\n

L’axe intestin-cerveau<\/b><\/p>\n

E\u0301merge alors l’hypothe\u0300se que certaines maladies neurode\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0301ratives atteindraient d’abord le syste\u0300me nerveux ente\u0301rique avant d’e\u0302tre transmises, gra\u0302ce au nerf vague qui les relie, au syste\u0300me nerveux central. Car les deux sont en interaction bidirectionnelle en permanence. On parle d’un axe intestin-cerveau.<\/p>\n

Transfert de microbiote<\/b><\/p>\n

Un troisie\u0300me acteur, le microbiote intestinal, c’est-a\u0300-dire l’ensemble des bacte\u0301ries, virus et champignons non pathoge\u0300nes qui peuplent le tube digestif, s’est impose\u0301 depuis 2006 et les de\u0301buts du se\u0301quenc\u0327age ge\u0301ne\u0301tique de ces micro-organismes. \u00ab\u00a0L’axe microbiote-intestin-cerveau s’est impose\u0301. Le microbiote peut agir sur le cerveau en libe\u0301rant dans la circulation sanguine des compose\u0301s comme la se\u0301rotonine, ayant un impact sur le cerveau, et donc sur l’humeur et les maladies psychiatriques\u00a0\u00bb, indique le chercheur.<\/p>\n

Au cours des trois dernie\u0300res anne\u0301es, les scientifiques ont multiplie\u0301 les expe\u0301riences de transfert de microbiote de souris stresse\u0301es ou de\u0301pressives a\u0300 des souris saines, lesquelles finissent par avoir elles aussi les manifestations psychologiques des donneuses. L’hypothe\u0300se: certains troubles neurologiques ou me\u0302me psychiatriques pourraient e\u0302tre lie\u0301s a\u0300 une dysbiose (rupture de l’e\u0301quilibre) du microbiote intestinal.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Pour le moment, aucun marqueur prouvant une diffe\u0301rence entre le microbiote des patients humains de\u0301prime\u0301s et non de\u0301prime\u0301s n’a e\u0301te\u0301 retrouve\u0301 dans leurs selles\u00a0\u00bb, pre\u0301cise Pascal Derkinderen. En septembre 2022, l’Inrae a lance\u0301 le projet French Gut qui vise a\u0300 recueillir les selles de 100.000 volontaires pour mettre en e\u0301vidence prochainement de telles diffe\u0301rences selon les pathologies. Avec l’espoir, a\u0300 l’avenir, de jouer sur l’humeur ou de soigner les troubles neuropsychiatriques en modifiant l’alimentation, dont on sait qu’elle agit sur la composition du microbiote.<\/p>\n

Par Marine Cygler<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Benin<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Benin. Cet article est issu du magazine Les Indispensables de Sciences et Avenir n\u00b0216 date\u0301 janvier\/ mars 2024. \u00ab\u00a0Le syste\u0300me nerveux ente\u0301rique (relatif aux intestins, ndlr) n’a longtemps suscite\u0301 aucune curiosite\u0301 chez les scientifiques. Mais la de\u0301couverte de ses similitudes avec le cerveau a conduit a\u0300 le surnommer le ‘deuxie\u0300me cerveau’ de\u0300s 1995\u00a0\u00bb, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":24741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,50,45],"class_list":["post-24742","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-benin","tag-benin"],"yoast_head":"\nMicrobiote-Intestin-Cerveau : L'Intime Connexion - B\u00e9nin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Cet article est issu du magazine Les Indispensables de Sciences et Avenir n\u00b0216 date\u0301 janvier\/ mars 2024. 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