{"id":37648,"date":"2025-01-10T22:26:13","date_gmt":"2025-01-10T22:26:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/benin\/politique\/pourquoi-lhelicoptere-ingenuity-sest-crashe-sur-mars"},"modified":"2025-01-10T22:26:13","modified_gmt":"2025-01-10T22:26:13","slug":"pourquoi-lhelicoptere-ingenuity-sest-crashe-sur-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/benin\/toutes-les-actualites\/pourquoi-lhelicoptere-ingenuity-sest-crashe-sur-mars","title":{"rendered":"Pourquoi l’h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re Ingenuity s\u2019est crash\u00e9 sur Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Benin. <\/strong><\/span>Un an apre\u0300s le crash sur Mars de l\u2019he\u0301licopte\u0300re Ingenuity \u2013 premier engin a\u0300 re\u0301aliser un vol contro\u0302le\u0301 et motorise\u0301 sur une autre plane\u0300te que la Terre \u2013 les experts de la Nasa ont reconstitue\u0301 la suite d\u2019e\u0301ve\u0300nements qui ont probablement mis fin a\u0300 cette incroyable mission. Pour enque\u0302ter sur cet accident survenu a\u0300 des dizaines de millions de kilome\u0300tres de notre plane\u0300te, les inge\u0301nieurs n\u2019ont be\u0301ne\u0301ficie\u0301 bien su\u0302r d\u2019aucun te\u0301moin oculaire ni exploite\u0301 une quelconque \u00ab\u00a0boite noire\u00a0\u00bb. Mais ils ont pu analyser les donne\u0301es de vol du petit ae\u0301ronef de 1,8 kg, les images de sa came\u0301ra de navigation ainsi que celles prises quelques semaines plus tard par le rover Perseverance, son compagnon de route depuis le printemps 2021.<\/p>\n

Trop peu d\u2019informations sur la texture du sol<\/b><\/p>\n

Le 18 janvier 2024, alors qu\u2019Ingenuity re\u0301alisait sa 72e\u0300me escapade dans l\u2019atmosphe\u0300re tre\u0300s peu dense de la plane\u0300te rouge (1% de la densite\u0301 de l\u2019atmosphe\u0300re terrestre) et amorc\u0327ait, apre\u0300s seulement 19 secondes de vol, une descente a\u0300 12 me\u0300tres d\u2019altitude, le syste\u0300me de navigation a semble-t-il mal e\u0301value\u0301 la nature du sol au-dessus duquel il e\u0301voluait. \u00ab\u00a0Bien que plusieurs sce\u0301narios soient possibles au regard des donne\u0301es disponibles, nous en avons un qui semble le plus probable: le manque de texture de surface a donne\u0301 au syste\u0300me de navigation trop peu d’informations pour pouvoir travailler efficacement dessus\u00a0\u00bb, pre\u0301cise Havard Grip, roboticien et pilote principal d\u2019Ingenuity dans un communique\u0301.<\/p>\n

Une vitesse horizontale trop rapide<\/b><\/p>\n

Pendant pre\u0300s de trois ans, l\u2019engin avait pu exploiter en effet certaines caracte\u0301ristiques du sol (pierres, rochers) du crate\u0300re Jezero pour de\u0301terminer sa position et ajuster ce faisant ses vitesses verticale et horizontale. Mais la zone ou\u0300 il se trouvait au moment du crash e\u0301tait couverte uniquement de petites dunes de sable de\u0301nue\u0301es de ces pre\u0301cieux repe\u0300res ! Lors de la descente qui a lui a e\u0301te\u0301 fatale, l\u2019he\u0301licopte\u0300re s\u2019approcha de la surface martienne avec une vitesse verticale quasi-nulle, mais sa vitesse horizontale e\u0301tait en revanche trop rapide. Il heurta donc avec ses pieds la cre\u0302te d\u2019une dune, avant de se mettre a\u0300 tanguer, basculer et rouler manifestement sur le sable. Au point de briser ses quatre pa\u0302les aux deux tiers de leur longueur. Et projeter l\u2019une d\u2019elles a\u0300 une quinzaine de me\u0300tres de distance sous l\u2019effet des tre\u0300s intenses vibrations !<\/p>\n

5 kg de mate\u0301riels scientifiques<\/b><\/p>\n

Ces pe\u0301ripe\u0301ties et retours d\u2019expe\u0301riences seront tre\u0300s utiles pour de\u0301velopper de futurs drones d\u2019exploration plane\u0301taire, a\u0300 l\u2019instar du projet Chopper de la Nasa dont certains de\u0301tails ont e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301voile\u0301s en de\u0301cembre 2024 a\u0300 Washington lors de la re\u0301union annuelle de l\u2019Union ame\u0301ricaine de ge\u0301ophysique. E\u0301quipe\u0301 de six rotors et posse\u0301dant l\u2019envergure d\u2019un SUV, Chopper serait vingt fois plus lourd qu\u2019Ingenuity. Il pourrait embarquer 5 kg d\u2019instruments scientifiques en parcourant de matie\u0300re autonome jusqu\u2019a\u0300 3 kilome\u0300tres par jour. \u00ab\u00a0En une semaine, il pourrait couvrir la me\u0302me distance que Perseverance (en pre\u0300s de quatre ans), a souligne\u0301 l\u2019inge\u0301nieur Theodore Tzanetos, chef de projet d\u2019Ingenuity. Ce qui changerait radicalement la donne en termes de de\u0301couvertes et d\u2019exploration.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Benin<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Benin. Un an apre\u0300s le crash sur Mars de l\u2019he\u0301licopte\u0300re Ingenuity \u2013 premier engin a\u0300 re\u0301aliser un vol contro\u0302le\u0301 et motorise\u0301 sur une autre plane\u0300te que la Terre \u2013 les experts de la Nasa ont reconstitue\u0301 la suite d\u2019e\u0301ve\u0300nements qui ont probablement mis fin a\u0300 cette incroyable mission. Pour enque\u0302ter sur cet accident […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":37647,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[46],"class_list":["post-37648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-benin-2"],"yoast_head":"\nPourquoi l'h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re Ingenuity s\u2019est crash\u00e9 sur Mars - B\u00e9nin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/benin\/politique\/pourquoi-lhelicoptere-ingenuity-sest-crashe-sur-mars\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pourquoi l'h\u00e9licopt\u00e8re Ingenuity s\u2019est crash\u00e9 sur Mars\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Africa-Press – Benin. Un an apre\u0300s le crash sur Mars de l\u2019he\u0301licopte\u0300re Ingenuity \u2013 premier engin a\u0300 re\u0301aliser un vol contro\u0302le\u0301 et motorise\u0301 sur une autre plane\u0300te que la Terre \u2013 les experts de la Nasa ont reconstitue\u0301 la suite d\u2019e\u0301ve\u0300nements qui ont probablement mis fin a\u0300 cette incroyable mission. 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