{"id":52356,"date":"2025-12-31T19:11:09","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T19:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/benin\/politique\/mue-du-dinosaure-a-plumes-et-incapacite-a-voler"},"modified":"2025-12-31T19:46:19","modified_gmt":"2025-12-31T19:46:19","slug":"mue-du-dinosaure-a-plumes-et-incapacite-a-voler","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/benin\/toutes-les-actualites\/mue-du-dinosaure-a-plumes-et-incapacite-a-voler","title":{"rendered":"Mue Du Dinosaure \u00c0 Plumes Et Incapacit\u00e9 \u00c0 Voler"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Benin. <\/strong> <\/span>Chez les oiseaux actuels, la fac\u0327on dont les plumes sont renouvele\u0301es n\u2019a rien d\u2019un de\u0301tail. Elle conditionne directement la capacite\u0301 a\u0300 planer dans l’air et a\u0300 voler. En remontant 160 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es en arrie\u0300re, des pale\u0301ontologues montrent que cette re\u0300gle s\u2019appliquait de\u0301ja\u0300 a\u0300 certains dinosaures a\u0300 plumes, et que tous n\u2019e\u0301taient pas capables de voler malgre\u0301 leurs ailes et leurs plumes.<\/p>\n

Des fossiles exceptionnels<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019e\u0301tude s\u2019appuie sur neuf fossiles de\u0301couverts dans l\u2019est de la Chine et attribue\u0301s a\u0300 Anchiornis huxleyi, un petit dinosaure a\u0300 plumes du Jurassique supe\u0301rieur (161,2 a\u0300 145,5 millions d’anne\u0301es) appartenant aux Pennaraptora, le groupe qui inclut les ance\u0302tres directs des oiseaux.<\/p>\n

Ces fossiles chinois sont connus pour leur conservation exceptionnelle: ici, la structure fine des plumes et leur coloration sont pre\u0301serve\u0301es. Les ailes d\u2019Anchiornis pre\u0301sentent ainsi une teinte blanche ponctue\u0301e d\u2019une tache noire terminale, bien aligne\u0301e le long du bord de l\u2019aile.<\/p>\n

Ce motif a permis aux chercheurs d\u2019identifier des plumes en cours de croissance, reconnaissables a\u0300 des taches noires qui ne s\u2019alignaient pas avec celles des plumes adultes. Un indice cle\u0301 pour reconstituer la manie\u0300re dont ces animaux renouvelaient leur plumage.<\/p>\n

Ce que ces plumes de\u0301voilent<\/b><\/p>\n

Chez les oiseaux modernes capables de voler, la mue est un processus ordonne\u0301 et syme\u0301trique. Les plumes tombent progressivement, de manie\u0300re e\u0301quilibre\u0301e entre les deux ailes, afin de pre\u0301server l\u2019ae\u0301rodynamique et la portance. A\u0300 l\u2019inverse, chez les oiseaux incapables de voler – comme les autruches ou les manchots – la mue est plus irre\u0301gulie\u0300re et de\u0301sordonne\u0301e.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est pre\u0301cise\u0301ment ce second sche\u0301ma qui apparai\u0302t chez Anchiornis. L\u2019analyse des plumes en croissance montre une mue non coordonne\u0301e, incompatible avec le maintien d\u2019une capacite\u0301 de vol fonctionnelle. Pour Yosef Kiat, ornithologue a\u0300 l\u2019universite\u0301 de Tel-Aviv et auteur principal de l\u2019e\u0301tude publie\u0301e dans la revue Communications Biology, cette caracte\u0301ristique indique que ces dinosaures e\u0301taient probablement incapables de voler. Une conclusion qui semble ainsi clore le de\u0301bat autour de cette espe\u0300ce tanto\u0302t vue comme une cre\u0301ature apte au vol et tanto\u0302t conside\u0301re\u0301e comme incapable de s’e\u0301lancer dans les airs.<\/p>\n

Les dinosaures ont acquis des plumes bien avant le vol, d\u2019abord et probablement pour l\u2019isolation thermique ou comme caracte\u0300re sexuel secondaire. Selon ses auteurs, cette nouvelle e\u0301tude sugge\u0300re \u00ab\u00a0que le de\u0301veloppement du vol au cours de l’e\u0301volution des dinosaures et des oiseaux e\u0301tait bien plus complexe qu’on ne le pensait. En effet, certaines espe\u0300ces ont peut-e\u0302tre de\u0301veloppe\u0301 des capacite\u0301s de vol rudimentaires, avant de les perdre plus tard au cours de leur e\u0301volution\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Retrouvez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s et d\u2019analyses sur Benin<\/span> sur le site Africa Press<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Benin. Chez les oiseaux actuels, la fac\u0327on dont les plumes sont renouvele\u0301es n\u2019a rien d\u2019un de\u0301tail. Elle conditionne directement la capacite\u0301 a\u0300 planer dans l’air et a\u0300 voler. En remontant 160 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es en arrie\u0300re, des pale\u0301ontologues montrent que cette re\u0300gle s\u2019appliquait de\u0301ja\u0300 a\u0300 certains dinosaures a\u0300 plumes, et que tous n\u2019e\u0301taient pas […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":52355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-52356","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-benin"],"yoast_head":"\nMue Du Dinosaure \u00c0 Plumes Et Incapacit\u00e9 \u00c0 Voler - B\u00e9nin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"-article-header-tag"> Africa-Press - Benin. 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