{"id":18343,"date":"2022-12-12T18:53:02","date_gmt":"2022-12-12T18:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report"},"modified":"2022-12-12T19:28:51","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T19:28:51","slug":"batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Batswapong\u2019 label controversially spotlighted in report"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Botswana. <\/strong><\/span>Of the most difficult decisions the government will have to make is decide whether or not to officialise tribal labels which tribespeople are themselves divided on. One such is \u201cBatswapong.\u201d<\/b><\/p>\n

When the Presidential Commission of Inquiry into the Review of the Constitution of Botswana toured the electoral constituencies of Lerala-Maunatlala and Sefhare-Ramokgonami, \u201csome highlighted that the name Tswapong\/Batswapong is a derogatory name given to this tribe upon arrival in Botswana. It was stated that the tribe should be called Pedi or Bapedi, which is their proper name.\u201d Not to nitpick but to say the name was \u201cgiven to this tribe upon arrival in Botswana\u201d is incorrect in one respect. They were given that name by the Bangwato \u2013 who arrived in the areas in question much, much later. The phrasing suggests that \u201cupon arrival in Botswana\u201d the tribal community found Bangwato but that is not the case.<\/p>\n

However, this community itself doesn\u2019t agree on whether \u201cBatswapong\u201d is derogatory. On the basis of such belief, the Report of the Presidential Commission of Inquiry into the Review of the Constitution of Botswana says that \u201cthere were proposals to rename some constituencies, for example, to change Lerala-Maunatlala to Tswapong South, and to Tswapong North.\u201d<\/p>\n

The Report itself doesn\u2019t explain what is derogatory about \u201cTswapong\u201d and elsewhere, the closest thing to an explanation is what David Kiyaga-Mulindwa reports in Politics and Society in Letswapo: Tswapong Historical Texts, Volume 2. The author quotes an irate elderly man saying \u201cIt was the Bangwato who called these hills Tswapong as a sign of looking down upon us or despising us.\u201d This interview happened in 1980 and while there can be no denying that Botswana has a tribal caste system that puts the cultural community in question and Bangwato in different categories, the explanation doesn\u2019t explain the derogatory nature of \u201cTswapong.\u201d<\/p>\n

Unfortunately and all too often, these two very separate issues (what a name and how tribes relate) are conflated in such manner that offence is read into a name on account of problematic relationship between tribes. With such conflation comes confusion because a name can exist independent of such relationship. What adds to the confusion with regard to \u201cTswapong\u201d are the widely divergent meanings that have been proffered.<\/p>\n

The most common is that at a time that the Bangwato and people who were then almost entirely Pedi, there was a powerful traditional doctor among the latter whom Bangwato would travel hundreds of kilometres to consult. In reverence of his extraordinary skills, this man was called \u201cngaka ya poo\u201d, literally \u201cthe bull doctor.\u201d No less a person that Kgosi Sello Moroka of Lerala retailed this historical account to explain the origins of \u201cBatswapong.\u201d In his telling, the name means \u201cthose that come from superior traditional magic powers.\u201d<\/p>\n

Figuratively, \u201cpoo\u201d is used to mean a champion \u2013 in the vocabulary of today\u2019s urban youth, \u201cpoo\u201d would a G.O.A.T \u2013 greatest of all time. By linguistic quirk, the phrase \u201cba tswa poong\u201d (those coming from where the bull doctor lived came to supplant the proper name for this tribe. Thus people who called themselves Bapedi were called Batswapong by a dominant tribe.<\/p>\n

The second interpretation of \u201cTswapong\u201d is that it comes from a \u201cSengwato\u201d word, \u201cletswapo\u201d, which means foot of the hills. Bapedi lived at the foot of the hills, this explanation goes, and so were called Batswapong. Oddly, \u201cletswapo\u201d has not been used anywhere else in for people living at the foot of hills within what is now the Central District. Odder still, you will never hear Bangwato using this word \u2013 which doesn\u2019t seem to exist in Sekwena, the dialect Sengwato comes from.<\/p>\n

To be clear, there is something \u201cderogatory\u201d about imposing an exonym on a cultural community that refers to itself with its own endonym. However, that is not the context in which \u201cTswapong\u201d is said to be derogatory.<\/p>\n

Whatever its real meaning and despite how some perceive it, \u201cTswapong\u201d has gained acceptance among most people in the Lerala-Maunatlala and Sefhare-Ramokgonami constituencies. That explains why some people these constituencies wanted the old names of Tswapong South and Tswapong North to be restored. As a brief episode showed last year, the meaning of \u201cTswapong\u201d now refers to many more tribes than Bapedi. This episode featured Kgosi Moroka and Lentswe la Batswapong, a cultural-rights organisation from these constituencies whose name means \u201cthe voice of Batswapong.\u201d Moroka wrote in a Facebook post that there is no such thing as Batswapong and there is no such language as Setswapong. The latter is also rendered as Chetswapong and Chegwapong. Not only did Lentswe la Batswapong contest Moroka\u2019s assertion, it managed to recruit him to its own understanding of this issue.<\/p>\n

After such engagement, the two parties put out a joint statement that said that when \u201cthe Batswapong of the Pedi origin who were the first to settle in Tswapong North around 1700 A.D., when they first settled in the area, they were not called Batswapong but Bapedi and their language was not Sepedi but Chetswapong. Chetswapong\/Setswapong as a language came to be spoken later around 1800 A.D. as more tribes settled in the greater Tswapong area and Chetswapong became a lingua franca among the Batswapong and became widely spoken and adopted as a language among them with a fully developed orthography. Kgosi Sello Moroka III regrets and unreservedly apologises to Batswapong and other tribes for the confusion and consternation created by the article.\u201d<\/p>\n

Budzani Mogara and Stephen Lukusa, both linguists, have determined that \u201ctoday, the Bagwapong form a heterogeneous multi-ethnic group with cultural groups like Matabele, Barotsi, Bakaa, Babirwa and others. Their language is highly mutually intelligible with Tjibirwa, with which it shares roughly 90.5 percent of its basic vocabulary.\u201d Also on that list is Baphuthing, a Nguni-origin tribe that ended up settling in Seleka \u2013 whose name in is \u201cse\u201d in \u201cTumasera.\u201d Baphuthing are now considered Batswapong. Mogara and Lukusa studied Chegwapong and conclude that the language is \u201cseriously endangered\u201d and needs to be rescued.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe number of its competent speakers is dwindling and their language is in the process dying as it is being replaced by a diluted speech form which looks more like a dialect of Setswana than a separate language which it used to be. Many lay people will say, \u201cSo what?\u201d But we, as linguists, believe that a language is the vehicle of its speakers\u2019 culture. To let it die is to allow such a preventable huge loss to happen because once the language dies even the cultural heritage it used to vehicle will disappear,\u201d they write in an academic paper titled \u201cChegwapong: The Risk Beyond Bilingualism.\u201d<\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About Botswana<\/a> Follow Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Botswana. Of the most difficult decisions the government will have to make is decide whether or not to officialise tribal labels which tribespeople are themselves divided on. One such is \u201cBatswapong.\u201d When the Presidential Commission of Inquiry into the Review of the Constitution of Botswana toured the electoral constituencies of Lerala-Maunatlala and Sefhare-Ramokgonami, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":18342,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,6],"tags":[233,237,234],"class_list":["post-18343","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-files","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-botswana","tag-botswana"],"yoast_head":"\n\u2018Batswapong\u2019 label controversially spotlighted in report - Botswana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Of the most difficult decisions the government will have to make is decide whether or not to officialise tribal label ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u2018Batswapong\u2019 label controversially spotlighted in report\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Of the most difficult decisions the government will have to make is decide whether or not to officialise tribal label ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Botswana\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-12-12T18:53:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-12-12T19:28:51+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/botswana\/sites\/38\/2022\/12\/postQueueImg_1670858652.23.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"696\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"522\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"\u2018Batswapong\u2019 label controversially spotlighted in report\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-12-12T18:53:02+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-12-12T19:28:51+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report\"},\"wordCount\":1121,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/botswana\/sites\/38\/2022\/12\/postQueueImg_1670858652.23.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Botswana\",\"Botswana\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"files\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/batswapong-label-controversially-spotlighted-in-report\",\"name\":\"\u2018Batswapong\u2019 label controversially spotlighted in report - 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