{"id":36986,"date":"2023-10-23T16:05:30","date_gmt":"2023-10-23T16:05:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/?p=36986"},"modified":"2023-10-23T14:13:44","modified_gmt":"2023-10-23T14:13:44","slug":"african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0","title":{"rendered":"African leaders hear China\u2019s Xi outline \u2018BRI 2.0\u2019"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Botswana. <\/strong><\/span><b>China and the U.S. presented competing visions for development in Africa this week as several leaders from the continent attended Beijing\u2019s Belt and Road Forum marking the 10-year anniversary of the global infrastructure initiative.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>The Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to connect the world through trade by investing billions of dollars in land and sea infrastructure projects, has broadened over the last decade.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cBelt and Road cooperation has expanded from physical connectivity to institutional connectivity,\u201d said China\u2019s President Xi Jinping in a speech at the opening ceremony of the forum, which ended Wednesday.<\/p>\n<p>The Chinese president announced $100 billion in new funding and promised to \u201cwork with all parties involved to deepen Belt and Road partnerships, usher this cooperation into a new stage of high-quality development and make relentless efforts to achieve modernization for all countries.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>African leaders in attendance included Kenyan President William Ruto, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed, Nigerian Vice President Kashim Shettima, and Republic of Congo President Denis Sassou Nguesso. They represented nations that have been recipients of BRI investments and were seeking new funding for various projects, analysts said.<\/p>\n<p>Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed delivers a speech on stage during the Belt and Road Forum at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing, Oct. 18, 2023.<\/p>\n<p>Paul Nantulya, research associate at the Africa Center for Strategic Studies in Washington, told VOA he saw signs of a \u201cstrategic shift\u201d in Chinese lending after sharp cuts in the amounts allotted in recent years.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think we\u2019re now going to see an uptick &#8230; an upward trend that makes a sharp turn from the last two to three years,\u201d he said. \u201cI think this is Belt and Road 2.0.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>While analysts have noted a move toward smaller, greener initiatives along with smaller loans, Xi\u2019s speech \u2014 which boasted of \u201cbrand-new airports and harbors, smooth roads and newly built industrial parks for business\u201d \u2014 gave no indication the BRI was winding down.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to hard infrastructure, Nantulya said Xi\u2019s focus going forward would address calls from African leaders for projects that create added value, including industrialization, green energy and training.<\/p>\n<p><b>A Biden BRI?<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Green energy and value addition are also target areas for the administration of U.S. President Joe Biden as it attempts to increase engagement with Africa.<\/p>\n<p>African countries are home to many of the critical minerals, such as lithium and cobalt, needed for the transition to clean energy \u2014 and China has had a head start in extracting and processing them.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cNow, it\u2019s true that the United States is playing a bit of catch-up on the continent when it comes to critical minerals, and there are other players, like &#8230; China, who have been here and have made significant investments in the mining sector in Africa for quite some time,\u201d said Joshua Volz, the deputy assistant secretary for Europe, Eurasia, Africa and the Middle East in the Office of International Affairs at the U.S. Department of Energy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe\u2019re here to offer an alternative, perhaps an alternative model, to developing Africa\u2019s critical minerals,\u201d Volz said in an interview with VOA during his visit to South Africa this week for Africa Energy Week.<\/p>\n<p>That mode \u201cis one that\u2019s based in partnership and has at its core the ability for African partners to climb the value chain of those resources instead of simply having them be extracted and taken overseas for processing,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWhat we\u2019re looking to do is create some options for our African partners. You know, we\u2019ve long been wary of some of the tactics and the methods that our counterparts in Beijing employ when it comes to development opportunities, throughout the world but especially here on the continent,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>Last month, on the sidelines of the G20 summit, the U.S. and European Union pledged to develop the partially existing Lobito Corridor \u2014 a railway connecting the Democratic Republic of the Congo\u2019s cobalt belt to Zambia\u2019s copper belt and on to Angola\u2019s port of Lobito, from where materials can be shipped to international markets.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cOne of the areas where our African partners have historically struggled is with the infrastructure necessary to catalyze investments to develop those resources. The Lobito Corridor is a great example of that,\u201d Volz said.<\/p>\n<p>While China has been investing in African infrastructure for years, the White House\u2019s announcement may signal the U.S.is also jumping into the infrastructure game on the continent.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI think that this should be seen as a proof of conduct, as a first foray, but certainly not as the last,\u201d said Volz.<\/p>\n<p><b>African agenda<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Some African leaders have tried to capitalize on the power competition.<\/p>\n<p>Kenya\u2019s Ruto is seeking about $1 billion in new financing for stalled road construction projects.<\/p>\n<p>China\u2019s BRI Brings Roads, Rails and Debt to Africa<\/p>\n<p>\u201cMy coming to China this time around is a confirmation of our commitment to elevate this relationship for the mutual benefit of Kenya and China,\u201d Ruto said.<\/p>\n<p>He encouraged Beijing to use its leverage to reform international financial institutions so nations in the developing world can access more financing at below-market rates.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cChina has a special place, no doubt, to have the ability to enhance the competitiveness of Africa,\u201d Ruto said during the Belt and Road Forum.<\/p>\n<p>Observers said the Kenyan leader has been taking advantage of that opportunity, especially recently.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cPresident Ruto\u2019s administration took a more than semidetached approach to its relationship with China and pivoted back towards its established partners in the West ahead of this visit to China,\u201d said Aly-Khan Satchu, an economic analyst based in Nairobi.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHowever, hardcore fiscal pressures have, I believe, forced him to temper his Western pivot. By all accounts he is looking for some relief from China.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Cliff Mboya, an Africa-China analyst in Kenya, does not agree. He said Ruto was less concerned than in the past about securing Chinese investments and capital.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cChina is well aware that he is leaning West and his international posture generally supports Western policies,\u201d Mboya said.<\/p>\n<p>One of the other African heavyweights who attended the Beijing forum, Ethiopia\u2019s Abiy, said China \u201ccontinues to be a critical partner for Ethiopia.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>China has invested in Ethiopian projects including a railway and roads. During Abiy\u2019s visit, Beijing upgraded its relationship with Addis Ababa to become what Xi described as \u201call-weather friends\u201d and signed multiple bilateral agreements.<\/p>\n<p>While major leaders from East and West Africa descended on Beijing for the BRI anniversary celebrations, Cyril Ramaphosa, the president of Africa\u2019s most developed economy, South Africa, was absent. But analysts said one should not read too much into that.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cIt doesn\u2019t strike me as odd, because presidents would usually visit if they also get a one-on-one with Xi, and Ramaphosa had a big meeting with Xi on the sidelines of the BRICS summit\u201d in August, said Cobus van Staden, a researcher at the South African Institute of International Affairs.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cXi\u2019s meeting schedule is so dense at this kind of event that it probably had more to do with timing and logistics rather than reflecting a vote of no confidence from SA.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>BRICS is a coalition of the emerging economies of South Africa, China, Brazil, Russia and India. In 2024, Argentina, Ethiopia, Egypt, Iran, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates will join the bloc.<\/p>\n<p><b>Source: Nile Post<\/b><\/p>\n<p><strong>For More News And Analysis About <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\">Botswana<\/a> Follow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/\">Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Botswana. China and the U.S. presented competing visions for development in Africa this week as several leaders from the continent attended Beijing\u2019s Belt and Road Forum marking the 10-year anniversary of the global infrastructure initiative. The Belt and Road Initiative, which aims to connect the world through trade by investing billions of dollars [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":36985,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,6],"tags":[233,237,234],"class_list":["post-36986","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-files","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-botswana","tag-botswana"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>African leaders hear China\u2019s Xi outline \u2018BRI 2.0\u2019 - Botswana<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"China and the U.S. presented competing visions for development in Africa this week as several leaders from the contin ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"African leaders hear China\u2019s Xi outline \u2018BRI 2.0\u2019\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"China and the U.S. presented competing visions for development in Africa this week as several leaders from the contin ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Botswana\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-10-23T16:05:30+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/botswana\/sites\/38\/2023\/10\/sm_1698057504.617617.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"525\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"6 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"African leaders hear China\u2019s Xi outline \u2018BRI 2.0\u2019\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-10-23T16:05:30+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0\"},\"wordCount\":1244,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/botswana\/sites\/38\/2023\/10\/sm_1698057504.617617.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Botswana\",\"Botswana\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"files\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/botswana\/all-news\/african-leaders-hear-chinas-xi-outline-bri-2-0\",\"name\":\"African leaders hear China\u2019s Xi outline \u2018BRI 2.0\u2019 - 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