{"id":128460,"date":"2026-04-14T12:08:54","date_gmt":"2026-04-14T12:08:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burkina-faso\/politique\/terres-rares-remplacement-difficile-a-anticiper"},"modified":"2026-04-14T12:41:02","modified_gmt":"2026-04-14T12:41:02","slug":"terres-rares-remplacement-difficile-a-anticiper","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burkina-faso\/toutes-les-actualites\/terres-rares-remplacement-difficile-a-anticiper","title":{"rendered":"Terres Rares: Remplacement Difficile a\u0300 Anticiper"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Burkina Faso. <\/strong><\/span>Sciences et Avenir: Les terres rares sont devenues indispensables. Peut-on en restreindre l’usage?<\/b>
\nPhilippe Bihouix: <\/b>On peut toujours optimiser un peu: re\u0301duire la quantite\u0301 de ne\u0301odyme ou de dysprosium dans les aimants permanents, ame\u0301liorer les alliages, chercher des substitutions. Mais il faut e\u0302tre lucide: si on utilise ces e\u0301le\u0301ments, c’est parce qu’ils ont des proprie\u0301te\u0301s tre\u0300s performantes. Ce sera complique\u0301 de les remplacer.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Une sobrie\u0301te\u0301 syste\u0301mique\u00a0\u00bb<\/b>
\nDe quels leviers dispose-t-on pour plus de sobrie\u0301te\u0301?<\/b><\/p>\n

Il faut d’abord injecter moins de terres rares dans notre consommation: moins d’objets, moins de fonctionnalite\u0301s superflues, moins d’infrastructures en doublon. Ce que j’appelle une sobrie\u0301te\u0301 syste\u0301mique. Cela suppose de questionner l’enrichissement technologique permanent de nos objets. Une voiture, aujourd’hui, ce sont des dizaines de moteurs e\u0301lectriques pour re\u0301gler les sie\u0300ges, les re\u0301troviseurs, etc. Des haut-parleurs a\u0300 l’avant et a\u0300 l’arrie\u0300re. Me\u0302me chose pour les e\u0301crans toujours plus grands, les objets connecte\u0301s disse\u0301mine\u0301s partout, jusqu’au re\u0301frige\u0301rateur \u00ab\u00a0intelligent\u00a0\u00bb. Il faut exercer un discernement technologique et se poser la question de ce dont nous avons vraiment besoin, pour prioriser les usages.<\/p>\n

Cela renvoie a\u0300 des choix collectifs?<\/b><\/p>\n

Oui. Prenez les te\u0301le\u0301coms. Nous avons autant de re\u0301seaux que d’ope\u0301rateurs ! D’un point de vue environnemental, c’est absurde. Tout est redondant, alors qu’un re\u0301seau mutualise\u0301 suffirait, comme pour l’eau. On pourrait aussi dimensionner autrement nos objets: voitures plus le\u0301ge\u0300res, e\u0301crans plus raisonnables. La sobrie\u0301te\u0301, ce n’est pas l’auste\u0301rite\u0301, c’est e\u0301viter le sure\u0301quipement syste\u0301matique.<\/p>\n

Le recyclage peut-il compenser cette inflation des usages?<\/b><\/p>\n

Tre\u0300s difficilement. Les terres rares sont tre\u0300s disperse\u0301es. Dans un smartphone, elles sont pre\u0301sentes en quantite\u0301s minuscules, parfois plus dilue\u0301es que dans la crou\u0302te terrestre. Les re\u0301cupe\u0301rer cou\u0302te cher et demande une logistique lourde. Or, aujourd’hui, les ressources cou\u0302tent trop peu. Dans un smartphone, la matie\u0300re premie\u0300re repre\u0301sente 2 a\u0300 3 euros… Il n’y a donc pas de mode\u0300le e\u0301conomique pour le recyclage, sauf a\u0300 imaginer une fiscalite\u0301 sur l’extraction pour mieux rendre compte du cou\u0302t environnemental de ces mate\u0301riaux, et re\u0301e\u0301quilibrer un peu les choses.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Allonger la dure\u0301e de vie des appareils est essentiel\u00a0\u00bb<\/b>
\nQue faire alors, si le recyclage ne suffit pas?<\/b><\/p>\n

Il faudrait pluto\u0302t faire durer. En re\u0301parant bien su\u0302r, mais aussi en re\u0301incorporant des composants encore fonctionnels dans de nouveaux produits. Ce qu’on appelle le remanufacturing (remise a\u0300 neuf). Lorsque la chaudie\u0300re de la maison vous la\u0302che, vous ne changez pas de maison. De la me\u0302me manie\u0300re, dans un smartphone obsole\u0300te, il y a fort a\u0300 parier que le haut-parleur, qui comporte un aimant permanent, est encore parfaitement utilisable.<\/p>\n

Et a\u0300 l’e\u0301chelle individuelle, que peut-on faire?<\/b><\/p>\n

Allonger la dure\u0301e de vie des appareils est essentiel. Garder son smartphone plusieurs anne\u0301es, privile\u0301gier la re\u0301paration ou le reconditionne\u0301. Mutualiser davantage: voiture partage\u0301e, outils de bricolage, et d’une manie\u0300re ge\u0301ne\u0301rale tous les e\u0301quipements que l’on utilise peu…<\/p>\n

Sommes-nous pre\u0302ts a\u0300 cela?<\/b><\/p>\n

Il existe des signaux faibles, mais pas encore de bascule massive. Restreindre l’usage des terres rares implique de renoncer a\u0300 une partie du surcroi\u0302t de confort et de performance auquel nous nous sommes habitue\u0301s. La solution n’est pas seulement technologique: elle est culturelle et politique.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Burkina Faso<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Burkina Faso. Sciences et Avenir: Les terres rares sont devenues indispensables. Peut-on en restreindre l’usage? Philippe Bihouix: On peut toujours optimiser un peu: re\u0301duire la quantite\u0301 de ne\u0301odyme ou de dysprosium dans les aimants permanents, ame\u0301liorer les alliages, chercher des substitutions. Mais il faut e\u0302tre lucide: si on utilise ces e\u0301le\u0301ments, c’est parce […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":128459,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[29],"class_list":["post-128460","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-burkina-faso"],"yoast_head":"\nTerres Rares: Remplacement Difficile a\u0300 Anticiper - Burkina Faso<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sciences et Avenir: Les terres rares sont devenues indispensables. 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