{"id":5639,"date":"2021-02-12T17:26:28","date_gmt":"2021-02-12T17:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burkina-faso\/?p=5639"},"modified":"2021-02-12T17:11:45","modified_gmt":"2021-02-12T17:11:45","slug":"un-chercheur-veut-sequencer-ladn-de-3-millions-dafricains-grands-oublies-de-la-genetique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burkina-faso\/toutes-les-actualites\/un-chercheur-veut-sequencer-ladn-de-3-millions-dafricains-grands-oublies-de-la-genetique","title":{"rendered":"Un chercheur veut s\u00e9quencer l\u2019ADN de 3\u00a0millions d\u2019Africains, grands oubli\u00e9s de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Burkina Faso<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>L\u2019Afrique, continent qui pr\u00e9sente la plus grande diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, est la grande oubli\u00e9e du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome humain, rel\u00e8ve le professeur de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique Ambroise Wonkam, qui d\u00e9fend un projet pour combler ce manque au nom de la recherche m\u00e9dicale.<\/p>\n

Il y a vingt ans, en f\u00e9vrier 2001, \u00e9tait publi\u00e9 le premier s\u00e9quen\u00e7age de l\u2019ADN humain (\u00ab Projet g\u00e9nome humain \u00bb) au terme de plus d\u2019une d\u00e9cennie de recherche impliquant des centaines de scientifiques \u00e0 travers le monde. Cette premi\u00e8re \u00ab lecture \u00bb compl\u00e8te d\u2019un g\u00e9nome humain, qui porte l\u2019ensemble de notre information g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, a permis d\u2019importantes avanc\u00e9es dans la compr\u00e9hension du r\u00f4le des g\u00e8nes dans les m\u00e9canismes fondamentaux de la vie, des maladies, et ouvert des perspectives de traitements m\u00e9dicaux.<\/p>\n

Mais l\u2019Afrique est quasi absente du projet : sur les plus de 1 million de personnes dont le g\u00e9nome a \u00e9t\u00e9 s\u00e9quenc\u00e9 jusqu\u2019ici, moins de 2 % sont africaines ou d\u2019ascendance africaine r\u00e9cente, rel\u00e8ve Ambroise Wonkam dans un commentaire publi\u00e9 cette semaine dans la revue Nature.<\/p>\n

Trouver de nouveaux traitements<\/b><\/p>\n

Berceau de l\u2019humanit\u00e9, le continent africain est pourtant \u2013 et de loin \u2013 celui qui pr\u00e9sente le plus de diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique et repr\u00e9sente donc un potentiel immense en mati\u00e8re de recherche. D\u2019o\u00f9 le projet de s\u00e9quencer le g\u00e9nome de 3 millions d\u2019Africains, \u00ab s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9s \u00e0 travers le continent au sein de diff\u00e9rentes r\u00e9gions et groupes ethnolinguistiques \u00bb, d\u00e9veloppe M. Wonkam, professeur \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 du Cap, en Afrique du Sud.<\/p>\n

Ce projet appel\u00e9 \u00ab 3MAG \u00bb prendrait environ une d\u00e9cennie et co\u00fbterait 4,5 millions de dollars (3,7 millions d\u2019euros) par an, financ\u00e9s essentiellement par les gouvernements africains mais aussi par des organisations internationales, sugg\u00e8re le chercheur. Le but est d\u2019embrasser tout le spectre des variations g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques du continent et de disposer d\u2019une base de donn\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques plus repr\u00e9sentative, \u00ab pour le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice de tous les humains et pour assurer un acc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable \u00e0 la m\u00e9decine g\u00e9n\u00e9tique \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Ces g\u00e8nes si vari\u00e9s aideraient \u00e0 mieux comprendre certaines mutations \u00e0 l\u2019origine de pathologies sp\u00e9cifiques et de trouver de nouveaux traitements, d\u00e9fend le professeur Wonkam. A titre d\u2019exemple, il cite un variant du g\u00e8ne PCSK9, corr\u00e9l\u00e9 \u00e0 une concentration trop importante de lipides dans le sang (\u00e0 l\u2019origine de maladies cardio-vasculaires), qui a pu \u00eatre identifi\u00e9 parce qu\u2019il \u00e9tait 200 fois plus r\u00e9pandu parmi la population afro-am\u00e9ricaine que parmi la population europ\u00e9enne.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Burkina Faso. L\u2019Afrique, continent qui pr\u00e9sente la plus grande diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, est la grande oubli\u00e9e du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome humain, rel\u00e8ve le professeur de g\u00e9n\u00e9tique Ambroise Wonkam, qui d\u00e9fend un projet pour combler ce manque au nom de la recherche m\u00e9dicale. Il y a vingt ans, en f\u00e9vrier 2001, \u00e9tait publi\u00e9 le premier […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":5638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,11,10],"tags":[111,725,29],"class_list":["post-5639","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-burkina-faso","tag-burkina-faso"],"yoast_head":"\nUn chercheur veut s\u00e9quencer l\u2019ADN de 3\u00a0millions d\u2019Africains, grands oubli\u00e9s de la g\u00e9n\u00e9tique - Burkina Faso<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019Afrique, continent qui pr\u00e9sente la plus grande diversit\u00e9 g\u00e9n\u00e9tique, est la grande oubli\u00e9e du s\u00e9quen\u00e7age du g\u00e9nome huma ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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