{"id":85947,"date":"2024-05-04T14:22:31","date_gmt":"2024-05-04T14:22:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burkina-faso\/politique\/lecureuil-roux-transmettait-la-lepre-aux-humains-au-moyen-age"},"modified":"2024-05-04T14:37:07","modified_gmt":"2024-05-04T14:37:07","slug":"lecureuil-roux-transmettait-la-lepre-aux-humains-au-moyen-age","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burkina-faso\/toutes-les-actualites\/lecureuil-roux-transmettait-la-lepre-aux-humains-au-moyen-age","title":{"rendered":"L’\u00e9cureuil roux transmettait la l\u00e8pre aux humains au Moyen \u00c2ge"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Burkina Faso. <\/strong><\/span>Qu’il est mignon l’e\u0301cureuil roux ! Certes, mais dans l’Angleterre du Moyen A\u0302ge, ce petit rongeur a une responsabilite\u0301 importante comme vecteur de cette terrible maladie qu’est la le\u0300pre. C’est ce qui ressort des analyses ge\u0301ne\u0301tiques mene\u0301es par une e\u0301quipe internationale de chercheurs et publie\u0301es dans la revue Current Biology le 3 mai 2024.<\/p>\n

Une bacte\u0301rie apparue il y a 9 millions d’anne\u0301es<\/b><\/p>\n

Mycobacterium leprae, la bacte\u0301rie responsable de la le\u0300pre, serait apparue voila\u0300 9 millions d’anne\u0301es. Elle cause l’une des maladies les plus anciennes jamais re\u0301pertorie\u0301es, pre\u0301sente autour du bassin me\u0301diterrane\u0301en 40.000 ans plus to\u0302t, estime-t-on. A partir de donne\u0301es historiques et pale\u0301oge\u0301nomiques, on la sait pre\u0301sente en Europe depuis au moins l’a\u0302ge du bronze, soit le troisie\u0300me mille\u0301naire avant notre e\u0300re. Mais, c’est principalement au Moyen A\u0302ge pousse\u0301e par une urbanisation sans cesse croissante et la multiplication des voies commerciales qu’elle prend une ampleur ine\u0301dite et s’e\u0301tend sur toute la surface du globe.<\/p>\n

Ne\u0301anmoins, en de\u0301pit des connaissances accumule\u0301es sur l’histoire e\u0301volutive de la bacte\u0301rie, beaucoup d’inconnus subsistent encore sur les fac\u0327ons dont la maladie s’est propage\u0301e entre humains et animaux. Des travaux ante\u0301rieurs avaient, de\u0300s 2014, mis en lumie\u0300re le ro\u0302le probable des e\u0301cureuils roux dans la transmission de la pathologie. En effet, les souches de Mycobacterium leprae isole\u0301es chez certains animaux actuels se sont ave\u0301re\u0301es proches de celles pre\u0301leve\u0301es sur des squelettes humains datant de la pe\u0301riode me\u0301die\u0301vale.<\/p>\n

Les e\u0301cureuils, des animaux de compagnie au Moyen A\u0302ge<\/b><\/p>\n

Dans cette nouvelle e\u0301tude, les chercheurs ont e\u0301tudie\u0301 les restes de 25 humains et 12 e\u0301cureuils roux (Sciurus vulgaris) exhume\u0301s de deux sites arche\u0301ologiques de la ville de Winchester au Royaume-Uni pour retrouver des traces de Mycobacterium leprae. Au Moyen A\u0302ge, la ville e\u0301tait connue a\u0300 la fois pour sa le\u0301proserie (un lieu de prise en charge des malades de la le\u0300pre) et son commerce de la fourrure. La fourrure des e\u0301cureuils servait comme doublure pour les ve\u0302tements et les animaux e\u0301taient souvent e\u0301leve\u0301s comme animaux de compagnie.<\/p>\n

Forts de leurs pre\u0301le\u0300vements, les scientifiques ont pu se\u0301quencer et reconstruire quatre ge\u0301nomes entiers, dont un appartenant a\u0300 un e\u0301cureuil roux. Une analyse approfondie a re\u0301ve\u0301le\u0301 une forte parente\u0301 entre cette se\u0301quence et l’une des souches humaines. Plus particulie\u0300rement, les chercheurs ont pu de\u0301montrer que la souche de le\u0300pre de cet e\u0301cureuil me\u0301die\u0301val e\u0301tait plus proche des souches humaines du Moyen A\u0302ge que de celles pre\u0301sentes chez les e\u0301cureuils actuels. Ce qui, selon eux, de\u0301montre qu’il existait une circulation de l’infection entre les humains et les rongeurs arboricoles.<\/p>\n

Aujourd’hui encore, la maladie affecte plus de 200.000 personnes tous les ans. Elle est pre\u0301sente dans plus de 140 pays. En te\u0302te de liste, le Bre\u0301sil, l’Indone\u0301sie et l’Inde qui concentrent trois-quarts des nouveaux cas.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Burkina Faso<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Burkina Faso. Qu’il est mignon l’e\u0301cureuil roux ! Certes, mais dans l’Angleterre du Moyen A\u0302ge, ce petit rongeur a une responsabilite\u0301 importante comme vecteur de cette terrible maladie qu’est la le\u0300pre. C’est ce qui ressort des analyses ge\u0301ne\u0301tiques mene\u0301es par une e\u0301quipe internationale de chercheurs et publie\u0301es dans la revue Current Biology le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":85946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[111,725,29],"class_list":["post-85947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-burkina-faso","tag-burkina-faso"],"yoast_head":"\nL'\u00e9cureuil roux transmettait la l\u00e8pre aux humains au Moyen \u00c2ge - Burkina Faso<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu'il est mignon l'e\u0301cureuil roux ! 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