{"id":87574,"date":"2024-05-29T15:54:54","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T15:54:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burkina-faso\/politique\/ce-nouvel-antibiotique-vient-a-bout-dinfections-mortelles-et-epargne-nos-bonnes-bacteries"},"modified":"2024-05-29T16:51:54","modified_gmt":"2024-05-29T16:51:54","slug":"ce-nouvel-antibiotique-vient-a-bout-dinfections-mortelles-et-epargne-nos-bonnes-bacteries","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burkina-faso\/toutes-les-actualites\/ce-nouvel-antibiotique-vient-a-bout-dinfections-mortelles-et-epargne-nos-bonnes-bacteries","title":{"rendered":"Ce nouvel antibiotique vient \u00e0 bout d\u2019infections mortelles et \u00e9pargne nos bonnes bact\u00e9ries"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Burkina Faso. <\/strong><\/span>Il s\u2019est montre\u0301 efficace contre plus de 130 souches de bacte\u0301ries multire\u0301sistantes dont certaines sont mortelles. Un nouvel antibiotique, de\u0301crit dans Nature, est parvenu a\u0300 e\u0301liminer certaines souches mortelles de bacte\u0301ries contre lesquelles aucun me\u0301dicament n\u2019existait jusque-la\u0300. Ce me\u0301dicament prometteur sait aussi faire la diffe\u0301rence entre les bonnes et les mauvaises bacte\u0301ries de notre intestin, pre\u0301servant ainsi la flore du microbiote.<\/p>\n

Il existe deux grandes cate\u0301gories de bacte\u0301ries: les Gram positives et les Gram ne\u0301gatives. Elles portent cette appellation car certaines sont visibles gra\u0302ce a\u0300 une coloration (appele\u0301e coloration de Gram) quand les autres ne le sont pas. Et il existe des bonnes bacte\u0301ries et des mauvaises bacte\u0301ries aussi bien chez les Gram ne\u0301gatives que les Gram positives. Mais pour le moment, la majorite\u0301 des antibiotiques sont destine\u0301s a\u0300 combattre les bacte\u0301ries Gram positives.<\/p>\n

Pre\u0301server la flore intestinale<\/b><\/p>\n

Premie\u0300re avance\u0301e, le nouvel antibiotique imagine\u0301 par l\u2019Universite\u0301 d\u2019Illinois parvient bien a\u0300 cibler des bacte\u0301ries Gram ne\u0301gatives, contre lesquelles il n\u2019existait pas beaucoup de solutions. Le peu de me\u0301dicaments de\u0301ja\u0300 disponibles contre les infections Gram ne\u0301gatives tuent e\u0301galement d\u2019autres bacte\u0301ries Gram ne\u0301gatives qui sont bonnes pour l\u2019organisme. \u00ab\u00a0Au fil des ans, la recherche a montre\u0301 que l\u2019e\u0301limination des bacte\u0301ries de notre intestin pouvait mener au de\u0301veloppement et a\u0300 la progression de nombreuses maladies. La dysbiose affecte aussi bien la nutrition, la digestion, le me\u0301tabolisme mais aussi la re\u0301ponse immunitaire de l\u2019organisme. Surtout, cela augmente la vulne\u0301rabilite\u0301 a\u0300 des pathoge\u0300nes opportunistes qui viennent coloniser l\u2019intestin, comme Clostridium difficile\u00a0\u00bb, explique a\u0300 Sciences et Avenir le Dr Kristen Mun\u0303oz, spe\u0301cialise\u0301e en biochimie a\u0300 l\u2019Universite\u0301 d\u2019Illinois. L’infection a\u0300 Clostridium difficile se caracte\u0301rise par une colite, une inflammation de l\u2019intestin et des diarrhe\u0301es aux complications potentiellement mortelles.<\/p>\n

Pour e\u0301viter de cibler les bacte\u0301ries Gram ne\u0301gatives sans diffe\u0301rencier les bonnes des mauvaises, l\u2019e\u0301quipe a cherche\u0301, en partenariat avec AstraZeneca, une cible qui serait propre aux bacte\u0301ries Gram ne\u0301gatives. Une ta\u0302che difficile puisque les bacte\u0301ries Gram positives et Gram ne\u0301gatives partagent de nombreuses prote\u0301ines cibles et de nombreux me\u0301canismes. \u00ab\u00a0Nous recherchions en particulier une prote\u0301ine qui serait essentielle a\u0300 la croissance et a\u0300 la viabilite\u0301 de la bacte\u0301rie\u00a0\u00bb, poursuit le Dr Mun\u0303oz. Et ils y sont parvenus: les bacte\u0301ries Gram ne\u0301gatives posse\u0300dent deux membranes, une de plus que les Gram positives, sur lesquelles l\u2019antibiotique est parvenu a\u0300 cibler un re\u0301cepteur.<\/p>\n

Une solution contre les bacte\u0301ries multire\u0301sistantes<\/b><\/p>\n

Dans une se\u0301rie d\u2019expe\u0301riences, ce nouveau compose\u0301, appele\u0301 lolamicine, s\u2019est montre\u0301 capable de cibler 130 souches de bacte\u0301ries multire\u0301sistantes – dont certaines sont mortelles pour l\u2019humain – issues de trois grandes familles de bacte\u0301ries (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, et Enterobacter cloacae). Aucun effet n\u2019a e\u0301te\u0301 de\u0301tecte\u0301 sur les bacte\u0301ries Gram positives en culture cellulaire.<\/p>\n

A des doses e\u0301leve\u0301es, la lolamicine est parvenue a\u0300 e\u0301liminer 90% de ces souches. \u00ab\u00a0La plupart d’entre elles sont re\u0301sistantes a\u0300 plus d\u2019une trentaine d\u2019antibiotiques utilise\u0301s en soins. Parmi ces souches multi-re\u0301sistantes, on retrouve me\u0302me des bacte\u0301ries re\u0301sistantes a\u0300 la Colistin. C\u2019est pourtant un antibiotique Gram ne\u0301gatif qu\u2019on utilise a\u0300 l\u2019ho\u0302pital en dernie\u0300re ligne, malgre\u0301 une haute nephrotixicite\u0301 (dangerosite\u0301 pour les reins, ndlr) chez les patients. Et la lolamicine a e\u0301te\u0301 efficace contre toutes ces souches multire\u0301sistantes\u00a0\u00bb, se fe\u0301licite le Dr Mun\u0303oz.<\/p>\n

En paralle\u0300le, lorsqu\u2019elle est administre\u0301e de fac\u0327on orale a\u0300 des souris, la lolamicine a permis a\u0300 100% d\u2019entre elles de gue\u0301rir de septice\u0301mie et 70% ont surve\u0301cu a\u0300 une pneumonie. La souris, rappellent les chercheurs, posse\u0300de un mode\u0300le de microbiote tre\u0300s proche de celui de l\u2019humain et les antibiotiques causant des de\u0301se\u0301quilibres chez la souris ont le me\u0302me effet chez nous.<\/p>\n

Si ces avance\u0301es semblent prometteuses, la lolamicine ne sera pas commercialise\u0301e avant de nombreuses anne\u0301es. \u00ab\u00a0Nous aimerions tester la mole\u0301cule sur d\u2019autres souches puis entamer des essais cliniques sur l\u2019Homme\u00a0\u00bb, explique a\u0300 Sciences et Avenir le Pr Paul Hergenrother, chimiste a\u0300 l\u2019Universite\u0301 d\u2019Illinois et auteur de l\u2019article paru dans Nature. Comme pour tout nouvel antibiotique, les chercheurs vont e\u0301galement devoir de\u0301terminer en combien de temps une antibiore\u0301sistance finit par survenir.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Burkina Faso<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Burkina Faso. Il s\u2019est montre\u0301 efficace contre plus de 130 souches de bacte\u0301ries multire\u0301sistantes dont certaines sont mortelles. Un nouvel antibiotique, de\u0301crit dans Nature, est parvenu a\u0300 e\u0301liminer certaines souches mortelles de bacte\u0301ries contre lesquelles aucun me\u0301dicament n\u2019existait jusque-la\u0300. Ce me\u0301dicament prometteur sait aussi faire la diffe\u0301rence entre les bonnes et les mauvaises […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":87573,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[111,725,29],"class_list":["post-87574","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-burkina-faso","tag-burkina-faso"],"yoast_head":"\nCe nouvel antibiotique vient \u00e0 bout d\u2019infections mortelles et \u00e9pargne nos bonnes bact\u00e9ries - Burkina Faso<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il s\u2019est montre\u0301 efficace contre plus de 130 souches de bacte\u0301ries multire\u0301sistantes dont certaines sont mortelles. 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