{"id":2184,"date":"2022-05-05T17:49:30","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T17:49:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burundi\/politique\/les-memoires-paralleles-un-obstacle-au-destin-commun"},"modified":"2022-05-05T18:48:33","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T18:48:33","slug":"les-memoires-paralleles-un-obstacle-au-destin-commun","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/burundi\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-memoires-paralleles-un-obstacle-au-destin-commun","title":{"rendered":"Les m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les, un obstacle au destin commun"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Burundi. <\/strong><\/span>A l\u2019approche des dates sombres de l\u2019histoire, certains individus rivalisent pour rappeler les atrocit\u00e9s subies. Ils s\u2019accusent mutuellement sur des m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les. Evariste Ngayimpenda, historien et professeur d\u2019universit\u00e9, alerte sur le danger que repr\u00e9sente cette situation.<\/p>\n

Que comprendre par m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les dans un contexte post-conflit ?<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019on parle de deux m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les lorsqu\u2019il s\u2019agit d\u2019un m\u00eame pays, une m\u00eame nation. Elles sont plus ou moins conflictuelles. Chaque groupe entretient la m\u00e9moire de ce qu\u2019elle a v\u00e9cu, de ce qu\u2019elle a endur\u00e9 du fait de l\u2019autre groupe. Cela est en lien avec la prolif\u00e9ration des messages de haine. Vous ne pouvez pas entretenir des m\u00e9moires antagonistes sans vous livrer \u00e0 une campagne de stigmatisation, de diabolisation, de haine contre l\u2019autre groupe consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme source de vos malheurs. C\u2019est un mauvais souvenir que vous avez en termes de perte des v\u00f4tres, pertes mat\u00e9rielles et pertes d\u2019opportunit\u00e9s. Sans oublier la marginalisation et la stigmatisation sociale.<\/p>\n

Quel danger peut survenir en cas de perp\u00e9tuation de la m\u00e9moire parall\u00e8le ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Quand vous entretenez des m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les, vous \u00e9loignez des opportunit\u00e9s de convergence de m\u00e9moires. Ainsi, vous perp\u00e9tuez les divisions et les conflits. Vous hypoth\u00e9quez toutes les chances de d\u00e9veloppement d\u2019une nation. En amont, vous sacrifiez les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations futures. C\u2019est ce que le politologue Jacques Semelin appelle le \u2018\u2019NOUS\u2019\u2019 et \u2018\u2019EUX\u2019\u2019. Vous vous d\u00e9finissez comme s\u2019il n\u2019y avait pas de convergence possible. Vous vous d\u00e9finissez par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019inimiti\u00e9, \u00e0 la haine que l\u2019un entretient envers l\u2019autre. C\u2019est l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un destin commun. Vous ne pouvez plus vous mettre en t\u00eate que vous pouvez regarder un destin commun. On entretient des m\u00e9moires de haine car c\u2019est la seule fa\u00e7on d\u2019emp\u00eacher que les deux m\u00e9moires convergent un jour.<\/p>\n

Quelle gestion ad\u00e9quate pour limiter la prolif\u00e9ration des messages haineux ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Il faut chercher la gestion ad\u00e9quate du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des institutions. Je vois trois types d\u2019institutions. La premi\u00e8re institution responsable du destin de la communaut\u00e9 dont elle a la charge est l\u2019institution \u00e9tatique avec ses structures et d\u00e9membrements. Il lui appartient de contribuer \u00e0 b\u00e2tir une nation, \u00e0 cimenter l\u2019esprit et le destin communs. Il y a l\u2019institution scolaire qui sert de creuset et de vecteur de l\u2019int\u00e9gration \u00e0 la nation. Le concept d\u2019\u00e9ducation nationale signifie que les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations passent \u00e0 travers le m\u00eame moule en termes de valeurs partag\u00e9es, universelles qui sont enseign\u00e9es partout.<\/p>\n

Des enfants apprennent \u00e0 se comporter par rapport \u00e0 leurs identit\u00e9s sectaires, qu\u2019elle soit religieuse, ethnique ou r\u00e9gionale. Mais ces derni\u00e8res doivent se reconna\u00eetre dans une identit\u00e9 cl\u00e9 et fondamentale, une appartenance \u00e0 une communaut\u00e9 nationale.<\/p>\n

Ensuite, les confessions religieuses, les creusets d\u2019apprentissage moral, des valeurs aussi universelles. C\u2019est \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9glise qu\u2019on enseigne le pardon, l\u2019amour du prochain et beaucoup d\u2019autres valeurs positives. Mais pour les transmettre, il faut les incarner. Certains responsables nous offrent malheureusement des spectacles assez d\u00e9solants en termes d\u2019inspiration de valeurs.<\/p>\n

Enfin, les m\u00e9dias doivent d\u00e9velopper des lignes \u00e9ditoriales qui aident \u00e0 d\u00e9passer ces m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les pour contribuer \u00e0 rapprocher les communaut\u00e9s. La population doit d\u00e9passer son histoire, mais pas l\u2019oublier. Ce n\u2019est pas bon d\u2019oublier son histoire, il faut l\u2019assumer. Il faut essayer de la restituer, m\u00eame si rigoureusement parlant, la restitution du pass\u00e9 est impossible.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Burundi<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Burundi. A l\u2019approche des dates sombres de l\u2019histoire, certains individus rivalisent pour rappeler les atrocit\u00e9s subies. Ils s\u2019accusent mutuellement sur des m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les. Evariste Ngayimpenda, historien et professeur d\u2019universit\u00e9, alerte sur le danger que repr\u00e9sente cette situation. Que comprendre par m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les dans un contexte post-conflit ? L\u2019on parle de deux m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":2183,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,11,10],"tags":[36,48,45],"class_list":["post-2184","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communaute","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-burundi","tag-burundi"],"yoast_head":"\nLes m\u00e9moires parall\u00e8les, un obstacle au destin commun - Burundi<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A l\u2019approche des dates sombres de l\u2019histoire, certains individus rivalisent pour rappeler les atrocit\u00e9s subies. 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