{"id":102644,"date":"2026-02-17T19:28:25","date_gmt":"2026-02-17T19:28:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/politique\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026"},"modified":"2026-02-18T19:47:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-18T19:47:12","slug":"deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span class=\"ap-article-header-tag\"> <strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Cameroun. <\/strong> <\/span><b>L\u2019institution financie\u0300re internationale salue la re\u0301silience mais pointe un risque e\u0301leve\u0301 de surendettement.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Les services du Fonds mone\u0301taire international (FMI) ont acheve\u0301, le 13 fe\u0301vrier 2026, leur mission au Cameroun dans le cadre des consultations au titre de l\u2019article IV. Conduite par Christine Dieterich, l\u2019e\u0301quipe s\u2019est rendue dans le pays du 29 janvier au 12 fe\u0301vrier pour e\u0301valuer la conjoncture re\u0301cente et les perspectives macroe\u0301conomiques. Le rapport final sera soumis fin mars au conseil d\u2019administration de l\u2019institution.<\/p>\n<p>Le diagnostic est contraste\u0301. L\u2019e\u0301conomie camerounaise a fait preuve d\u2019une \u00ab re\u0301silience conside\u0301rable \u00bb face aux chocs exte\u0301rieurs successifs, mais la croissance reste mode\u0301re\u0301e. Apre\u0300s 3,5 % en 2024, elle devrait ralentir a\u0300 3,1 % en 2025, pe\u0301nalise\u0301e par les tensions poste\u0301lectorales qui ont perturbe\u0301 commerce, services et investissement. L\u2019inflation poursuit en revanche sa de\u0301crue, a\u0300 3,4 % en moyenne sur douze mois en de\u0301cembre 2025.<\/p>\n<p>La position exte\u0301rieure s\u2019est affaiblie. Le de\u0301ficit courant devrait se creuser a\u0300 3,9 % du PIB en 2025, contre 3,3 % un an plus to\u0302t, sous l\u2019effet notamment d\u2019une baisse des exportations pe\u0301trolie\u0300res. La contribution du Cameroun aux re\u0301serves re\u0301gionales de la CEMAC est toutefois reste\u0301e globalement stable, gra\u0302ce a\u0300 des emprunts exte\u0301rieurs contracte\u0301s aux conditions du marche\u0301.<\/p>\n<p>Sur le plan budge\u0301taire, 2025 marque un coup d\u2019arre\u0302t. Le de\u0301ficit global atteindrait environ 2 % du PIB, contre 1,5 % en 2024. Le de\u0301ficit primaire hors pe\u0301trole se de\u0301graderait a\u0300 2,6 % du PIB, bien au-dela\u0300 de l\u2019objectif initial (1,4 %). En cause: des recettes non pe\u0301trolie\u0300res infe\u0301rieures aux attentes et des de\u0301rapages de de\u0301penses courantes, alors me\u0302me que l\u2019exe\u0301cution des investissements accuse des retards. Les pressions de financement a\u0300 court terme demeurent e\u0301leve\u0301es et l\u2019analyse de viabilite\u0301 confirme un risque e\u0301leve\u0301 de surendettement. Des incertitudes persistent quant a\u0300 d\u2019e\u0301ventuels arrie\u0301re\u0301s ou de\u0301penses extrabudge\u0301taires.<\/p>\n<p>Les perspectives sont ne\u0301anmoins juge\u0301es \u00ab prudemment favorables \u00bb. La croissance rebondirait a\u0300 3,3 % en 2026, porte\u0301e par l\u2019investissement public et l\u2019atte\u0301nuation des incertitudes, puis de\u0301passerait 4 % a\u0300 partir de 2028, a\u0300 mesure que les goulets d\u2019e\u0301tranglement e\u0301nerge\u0301tiques seraient re\u0301sorbe\u0301s. A\u0300 moyen terme, elle pourrait atteindre 4,6 % en 2031, soutenue par la diversification minie\u0300re. L\u2019inflation reculerait a\u0300 2,9 % en 2026 et se stabiliserait autour de 2,5 %.<\/p>\n<p>LA SUITE APRE\u0300S LA PUBLICITE\u0301<\/p>\n<p>Le FMI salue l\u2019orientation plus restrictive du budget 2026, qui vise un de\u0301ficit de 1,7 % du PIB, conforme aux crite\u0300res re\u0301gionaux. Mais les risques restent e\u0301leve\u0301s: affaiblissement des re\u0301serves re\u0301gionales, tensions de liquidite\u0301, vulne\u0301rabilite\u0301s du marche\u0301 de la dette, volatilite\u0301 des cours des matie\u0300res premie\u0300res, hausse des taux mondiaux, recul de l\u2019aide internationale, sans oublier les de\u0301fis se\u0301curitaires et climatiques.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019institution recommande d\u2019acce\u0301le\u0301rer les re\u0301formes structurelles: ame\u0301lioration de l\u2019acce\u0300s au financement, meilleure planification et exe\u0301cution des investissements, recours accru aux financements concessionnels pour les infrastructures, mobilisation accrue des recettes non pe\u0301trolie\u0300res, ope\u0301rationnalisation du compte unique du Tre\u0301sor et approfondissement du marche\u0301 re\u0301gional des titres publics. Elle insiste e\u0301galement sur le renforcement de la gestion des finances publiques, la re\u0301sorption progressive des arrie\u0301re\u0301s et la mise en \u0153uvre des recommandations de l\u2019e\u0301valuation de la gouvernance de 2023, notamment en matie\u0300re de lutte contre la corruption.<\/p>\n<p class=\"ap-article-footer-note\">Retrouvez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s et d\u2019analyses sur <span class=\"ap-highlight-country\">Cameroun<\/span> sur le site <span class=\"ap-highlight-brand\">Africa Press<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Cameroun. L\u2019institution financie\u0300re internationale salue la re\u0301silience mais pointe un risque e\u0301leve\u0301 de surendettement. Les services du Fonds mone\u0301taire international (FMI) ont acheve\u0301, le 13 fe\u0301vrier 2026, leur mission au Cameroun dans le cadre des consultations au titre de l\u2019article IV. Conduite par Christine Dieterich, l\u2019e\u0301quipe s\u2019est rendue dans le pays du 29 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":102643,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[49],"class_list":["post-102644","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-cameroun"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026 - Cameroun<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"-article-header-tag&quot;&gt; Africa-Press - Cameroun. L\u2019institution financie\u0300re i ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"-article-header-tag&quot;&gt; Africa-Press - Cameroun. L\u2019institution financie\u0300re i ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cameroun\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-02-17T19:28:25+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-02-18T19:47:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"483\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-17T19:28:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-18T19:47:12+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026\"},\"wordCount\":619,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Cameroun\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u00c9conomie\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026\",\"name\":\"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026 - Cameroun\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-02-17T19:28:25+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-02-18T19:47:12+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"description\":\"-article-header-tag\\\"> Africa-Press - Cameroun. L\u2019institution financie\u0300re i ...\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg\",\"width\":720,\"height\":483,\"caption\":\"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/\",\"name\":\"Cameroun\",\"description\":\"Just another Africa News Agency Sites site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\",\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026 - Cameroun","description":"-article-header-tag\"> Africa-Press - Cameroun. L\u2019institution financie\u0300re i ...","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026","og_description":"-article-header-tag\"> Africa-Press - Cameroun. L\u2019institution financie\u0300re i ...","og_url":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026","og_site_name":"Cameroun","article_published_time":"2026-02-17T19:28:25+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-02-18T19:47:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":720,"height":483,"url":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"cfeditorfr","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"cfeditorfr","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026"},"author":{"name":"cfeditorfr","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1"},"headline":"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026","datePublished":"2026-02-17T19:28:25+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-18T19:47:12+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026"},"wordCount":619,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg","keywords":["Cameroun"],"articleSection":["\u00c9conomie","Toutes les actualit\u00e9s"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026","url":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026","name":"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026 - Cameroun","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg","datePublished":"2026-02-17T19:28:25+00:00","dateModified":"2026-02-18T19:47:12+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1"},"description":"-article-header-tag\"> Africa-Press - Cameroun. L\u2019institution financie\u0300re i ...","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2026\/02\/sm_1771358010.326057.jpg","width":720,"height":483,"caption":"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/deficit-et-reformes-du-fmi-pour-le-cameroun-en-2026#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"D\u00e9ficit et R\u00e9formes du FMI pour le Cameroun en 2026"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/","name":"Cameroun","description":"Just another Africa News Agency Sites site","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1","name":"cfeditorfr"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102644","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/82"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102644"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102644\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/102643"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}