{"id":10991,"date":"2021-10-10T17:57:08","date_gmt":"2021-10-10T17:57:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/?p=10991"},"modified":"2021-10-08T18:01:41","modified_gmt":"2021-10-08T18:01:41","slug":"le-robot-perseverance-confirme-la-presence-dun-ancien-lac-sur-mars","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/toutes-les-actualites\/le-robot-perseverance-confirme-la-presence-dun-ancien-lac-sur-mars","title":{"rendered":"Le robot Perseverance confirme la pr\u00e9sence d’un ancien lac sur Mars"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Cameroun<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>Pos\u00e9 sur Mars depuis le mois de f\u00e9vrier, le robot Perseverance livre ses premiers r\u00e9sultats. L’engin a d\u00e9couvert que l’endroit o\u00f9 il a atterri \u00e9tait un ancien lac sur la Plan\u00e8te rouge.<\/b><\/p>\n

C’\u00e9tait attendu, mais les premi\u00e8res images en haute r\u00e9solution de la cam\u00e9ra confirment les indices de l’observation en orbite : le crat\u00e8re, d’une surface d’environ 35 km de diam\u00e8tre et une centaine de m\u00e8tres au plus profond, a bien abrit\u00e9 un lac ferm\u00e9, anciennement aliment\u00e9 par une rivi\u00e8re via un delta, il y a entre 3,6 et 3 milliards d’ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Gr\u00e2ce aux observations satellites, on en a vu les traces dans le crat\u00e8re appel\u00e9 Jezero. C’est pour cette raison qu’on y a pos\u00e9 le robot Perseverance en f\u00e9vrier dernier. Huit mois plus tard, c’est la confirmation. Une confirmation pleine de promesses pour la suite de la mission.<\/p>\n

Jusqu’\u00e0 la source du delta<\/b><\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude publi\u00e9e ce jeudi dans la prestigieuse revue Science \u2013 la premi\u00e8re depuis l’atterrissage de Perseverance \u2013 donne une foule de d\u00e9tails in\u00e9dits sur l’histoire de l’ancien site lacustre. \u00ab On a des strates qui sont typiques d’un assemblage form\u00e9 sous l’eau avec une rivi\u00e8re qui a avanc\u00e9 \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur d’un lac et d\u00e9pos\u00e9 des s\u00e9diments \u00bb, explique Nicolas Mangold, de l’Universit\u00e9 de Nantes, qui a dirig\u00e9 cette \u00e9tude. Le chercheur parle d’un agencement s\u00e9dimentaire qui est vraiment typique de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts lacustres.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Et c’est comme sur Terre, les s\u00e9diments lacustres sont de tr\u00e8s bons r\u00e9servoirs pour pr\u00e9server des s\u00e9diments et int\u00e9grer dans ces s\u00e9diments d’\u00e9ventuelles formes organiques, poursuit-il. S’il y a eu un jour la vie, elle a pu g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des mati\u00e8res organiques et si cette mati\u00e8re elle existe, elle va \u00eatre pr\u00e9serv\u00e9e dans ces s\u00e9diments-l\u00e0. Donc \u00e7a nous donne les endroits cl\u00e9s pour analyser ce crat\u00e8re. Et c’est sur quoi on travaille en ce moment, c’est faire la travers\u00e9e du rover \u00e0 la source du delta. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Une travers\u00e9e de deux kilom\u00e8tres pour Perseverance. Deux kilom\u00e8tres parsem\u00e9s d’emb\u00fbches avant d’atteindre ces s\u00e9diments. Le robot pourra alors les analyser sur place, et surtout en pr\u00e9lever des \u00e9chantillons, qui seront ramen\u00e9s sur Terre lors d’une future mission \u00e0 l’horizon 2030. Mais attention \u00e0 ne pas s’emballer trop vite, a averti le chercheur, car cette mati\u00e8re organique pourrait tout aussi bien provenir de \u00ab mati\u00e8re carbon\u00e9e inerte \u00bb, comme celle d\u00e9pos\u00e9e par les com\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n

Gros galets et blocs rocheux<\/b><\/p>\n

Perseverance a en outre d\u00e9tect\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sence inattendue de gros galets et blocs rocheux, t\u00e9moins de forts courants fluviaux comme des crues soudaines. La fin de la p\u00e9riode lacustre du crat\u00e8re aurait donc \u00e9t\u00e9 le th\u00e9\u00e2tre d’un changement climatique majeur, sugg\u00e8re l’\u00e9tude. \u00ab Quel climat a pu g\u00e9n\u00e9rer cette transition ? Une aridification, une glaciation ? C’est ce que nous cherchons \u00bb, affirme le g\u00e9ologue.<\/p>\n

Deux autres robots, Curiosity et Insight, arpentent actuellement la surface martienne. En septembre 2022, la mission russo-europ\u00e9enne ExoMars doit envoyer un robot qui pourra forer le sol de la Plan\u00e8te rouge \u00e0 plus d’un m\u00e8tre de profondeur. Une premi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Cameroun. Pos\u00e9 sur Mars depuis le mois de f\u00e9vrier, le robot Perseverance livre ses premiers r\u00e9sultats. L’engin a d\u00e9couvert que l’endroit o\u00f9 il a atterri \u00e9tait un ancien lac sur la Plan\u00e8te rouge. C’\u00e9tait attendu, mais les premi\u00e8res images en haute r\u00e9solution de la cam\u00e9ra confirment les indices de l’observation en orbite : […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":10990,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,11,10],"tags":[36,50,49,82,86,245],"class_list":["post-10991","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-cameroun","tag-cameroun","tag-mars","tag-perseverance","tag-robot"],"yoast_head":"\nLe robot Perseverance confirme la pr\u00e9sence d'un ancien lac sur Mars - Cameroun<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pos\u00e9 sur Mars depuis le mois de f\u00e9vrier, le robot Perseverance livre ses premiers r\u00e9sultats. 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