{"id":15374,"date":"2022-02-10T16:54:43","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T16:54:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/politique\/homo-sapiens-etait-present-en-europe-plus-tot-quon-ne-le-pensait"},"modified":"2022-02-10T18:54:07","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T18:54:07","slug":"homo-sapiens-etait-present-en-europe-plus-tot-quon-ne-le-pensait","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/culture-et-art\/homo-sapiens-etait-present-en-europe-plus-tot-quon-ne-le-pensait","title":{"rendered":"Homo sapiens \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sent en Europe plus t\u00f4t qu’on ne le pensait"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Cameroun. <\/strong><\/span>La d\u00e9couverte d’une dent de lait, dans une grotte de la Dr\u00f4me, en France, bouleverse l’histoire d’Homo sapiens. L’homme moderne serait arriv\u00e9 en Europe bien plus t\u00f4t qu’on ne le pensait et aurait possiblement cohabit\u00e9 avec N\u00e9andertal.<\/p>\n

C’est une d\u00e9couverte qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9volutionnaire\u00a0\u00bb par les arch\u00e9ologues. L’homme moderne, Homo sapiens, s’est aventur\u00e9 sur le territoire europ\u00e9en de N\u00e9andertal bien plus t\u00f4t que rapport\u00e9 jusqu’ici. En t\u00e9moignent des fossiles et outils de la grotte Mandrin, sur le Rh\u00f4ne, en France, selon une \u00e9tude de Science parue mercredi 9 f\u00e9vrier.<\/p>\n

Jusqu’ici, les d\u00e9couvertes arch\u00e9ologiques indiquaient une disparition de N\u00e9andertal du continent europ\u00e9en il y a environ 40 000 ans, peu apr\u00e8s l’arriv\u00e9e de son \u00ab\u00a0cousin\u00a0\u00bb Homo sapiens (\u00e0 environ -45 000 ans). Sans qu’aucun indice ne trahisse une cohabitation entre ces deux esp\u00e8ces humaines.<\/p>\n

La d\u00e9couverte de l’\u00e9quipe d’arch\u00e9ologues et pal\u00e9oanthropologues men\u00e9e par Ludovic Slimak, chercheur CNRS \u00e0 l’universit\u00e9 de Toulouse, repousse l’arriv\u00e9e d’Homo sapiens en Europe occidentale \u00e0 il y a environ 54 000 ans. Autre fait remarquable, elle r\u00e9v\u00e8le son occupation de la grotte Mandrin en alternance avec N\u00e9andertal, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 d’ordinaire Sapiens rempla\u00e7ait ce dernier pour de bon.<\/p>\n

Sous l’abri de roche blanche, situ\u00e9 dans la Dr\u00f4me, dans le sud de la France, et excav\u00e9 depuis 1990, s’empilent plusieurs couches arch\u00e9ologiques retra\u00e7ant plus de 80 000 ans d’occupation de l’endroit, \u00ab\u00a0o\u00f9 tout est extr\u00eamement bien pr\u00e9serv\u00e9 dans des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de sable tr\u00e8s r\u00e9guliers, port\u00e9s par le mistral\u00a0\u00bb, raconte le chercheur \u00e0 l’AFP.<\/p>\n

Une dent de lait \u00e0 l’origine de la d\u00e9couverte<\/b><\/p>\n

Son \u00e9quipe y tombe sur une \u00e9nigme : une couche, baptis\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0E\u00a0\u00bb, rec\u00e8le au moins 1 500 pointes de silex taill\u00e9, dont la finesse d’ex\u00e9cution tranche avec les pointes et lames, d’ex\u00e9cution plus classique, des strates sup\u00e9rieures et inf\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n

De tr\u00e8s petite taille, pour certaines inf\u00e9rieures au centim\u00e8tre, ces pointes \u00ab\u00a0sont norm\u00e9es, au millim\u00e8tre pr\u00e8s, standardis\u00e9es, quelque chose qu’on ne conna\u00eet pas du tout chez N\u00e9andertal\u00a0\u00bb, dit Ludovic Slimak, sp\u00e9cialiste des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s n\u00e9andertaliennes. Probablement des pointes de fl\u00e8che, inconnues en Europe \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n

Il attribue cette production \u00e0 une culture baptis\u00e9e N\u00e9ronien, qui concerne plusieurs sites du couloir rhodanien. Et part en 2016 avec son \u00e9quipe au mus\u00e9e Peabody d’Harvard aux \u00c9tats-Unis, pour y confronter sa d\u00e9couverte avec une collection de fossiles taill\u00e9s du site de Ksar Akil, au pied du Mont-Liban, au Liban. Un des hauts lieux de l’expansion d’Homo sapiens \u00e0 l’est de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

La similarit\u00e9 entre les techniques utilis\u00e9es lui fait supposer que Mandrin est le premier site r\u00e9pertoriant Homo sapiens en Europe. Sa piste \u00e9tait la bonne : une dent de lait, trouv\u00e9e dans la fameuse couche \u00ab\u00a0E\u00a0\u00bb, est venue le confirmer.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 Mandrin les chercheurs ont trouv\u00e9 neuf dents, en plus ou moins bon \u00e9tat et appartenant \u00e0 six individus, confi\u00e9es \u00e0 Cl\u00e9ment Zanolli, pal\u00e9oanthropologue du CNRS \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Bordeaux. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la micro-tomographie (un scanner \u00e0 tr\u00e8s haute r\u00e9solution), son verdict est sans appel : la dent de lait de la couche \u00ab\u00a0E\u00a0\u00bb \u00ab\u00a0est la seule dent humaine moderne trouv\u00e9e \u00e0 cet endroit\u00a0\u00bb, explique le chercheur \u00e0 l’AFP.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9quipe a employ\u00e9 ensuite une technique pionni\u00e8re, la fuliginochronologie, qui analyse les couches de suie impr\u00e9gnant les parois d’une grotte, traces d’anciens foyers. L’\u00e9tude des fragments de parois, \u00ab\u00a0tomb\u00e9s directement dans les couches, montrent qu’Homo sapiens est revenu une fois par an dans la cavit\u00e9, sur 40 ans\u00a0\u00bb, dit Ludovic Slimak.<\/p>\n

La piste d’une cohabitation entre N\u00e9andertal et Homo sapiens<\/b><\/p>\n

Homo sapiens est venu dans cette grotte un an seulement apr\u00e8s le passage de N\u00e9andertal dans cet abri. Quand Homo sapiens le quitte d\u00e9finitivement, N\u00e9andertal y revient, bien plus tard (environ un millier d’ann\u00e9es).<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0\u00c0 un moment donn\u00e9 les deux populations ont soit co-exist\u00e9 dans la grotte, soit sur le m\u00eame territoire\u00a0\u00bb, en conclut le chercheur. Qui imagine que N\u00e9andertal ait pu servir de guide \u00e0 Sapiens pour le mener aux meilleures sources de silex disponible, situ\u00e9es pour certaines jusqu’\u00e0 90 km de l\u00e0… \u00ab\u00a0En ethnographie, la question de prendre des guides en territoire inconnu est universelle\u00a0\u00bb, remarque-t-il.<\/p>\n

Finalement, \u00ab\u00a0l’apparition des humains modernes et la disparition de N\u00e9andertal est beaucoup plus complexe\u00a0\u00bb qu’imagin\u00e9e jusqu’ici, remarque le professeur Chris Stringer, cosignataire de l’\u00e9tude et sp\u00e9cialiste de l’\u00e9volution humaine au mus\u00e9um d’Histoire naturelle \u00e0 Londres. La compr\u00e9hension de leur chevauchement est indispensable pour expliquer \u00ab\u00a0pourquoi nous sommes devenus la seule esp\u00e8ce humaine restante\u00a0\u00bb, ajoute-t-il, dans un communiqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ce chevauchement, \u00e9vident \u00e0 Mandrin, place d\u00e9sormais le Rh\u00f4ne comme un \u00ab\u00a0grand couloir de migration\u00a0\u00bb permettant \u00e0 Homo sapiens \u00ab\u00a0de rejoindre l’espace m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en et l’espace continental europ\u00e9en\u00a0\u00bb, selon Ludovic Slimak. Qui promet d’autres d\u00e9couvertes sur le contenu de Mandrin.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Cameroun<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Cameroun. La d\u00e9couverte d’une dent de lait, dans une grotte de la Dr\u00f4me, en France, bouleverse l’histoire d’Homo sapiens. L’homme moderne serait arriv\u00e9 en Europe bien plus t\u00f4t qu’on ne le pensait et aurait possiblement cohabit\u00e9 avec N\u00e9andertal. C’est une d\u00e9couverte qualifi\u00e9e de \u00ab\u00a0r\u00e9volutionnaire\u00a0\u00bb par les arch\u00e9ologues. L’homme moderne, Homo sapiens, s’est aventur\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":15373,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,11,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-15374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-et-art","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-cameroun","tag-cameroun"],"yoast_head":"\nHomo sapiens \u00e9tait pr\u00e9sent en Europe plus t\u00f4t qu'on ne le pensait - Cameroun<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La d\u00e9couverte d'une dent de lait, dans une grotte de la Dr\u00f4me, en France, bouleverse l'histoire d'Homo sapiens. 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