{"id":17056,"date":"2022-03-20T14:03:14","date_gmt":"2022-03-20T14:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/politique\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit"},"modified":"2022-03-20T17:02:31","modified_gmt":"2022-03-20T17:02:31","slug":"au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit","title":{"rendered":"Au Cameroun, NetZero s\u00e9questre le carbone\u2026 \u00e0 profit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Cameroun. <\/strong><\/span>Un trio d\u2019entrepreneurs ressuscite la tr\u00e8s ancienne technique de fabrication du biochar, utilis\u00e9e pour emprisonner le CO2 et fertiliser les terres agricoles tropicales du littoral.<\/p>\n

Nkongsamba se dresse dans un d\u00e9cor vert et ocre. \u00c0 environ 150 km au nord de Douala, la ville s\u2019\u00e9rige au pied des monts Manengouba, aux confins de la r\u00e9gion Littoral. Si, au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1980, la contr\u00e9e luxuriante a connu son heure de gloire quand le r\u00e9alisateur britannique Hugh Hudson a choisi d\u2019y planter le d\u00e9cor de son film Greystoke, la l\u00e9gende de Tarzan, pr\u00e8s des lacs de crat\u00e8re et de la chute d\u2019Ekom Nkam, c\u2019est essentiellement par son \u00e9conomie que la ville s\u2019illustre.<\/p>\n

Le tourisme, d\u2019abord aupr\u00e8s des voyageurs itin\u00e9rants attir\u00e9s par les nombreuses excursions propos\u00e9es par les agences de voyage de Douala \u00e0 destination de la r\u00e9gion. Mais surtout l\u2019agriculture, qui est \u00e0 la base de l\u2019activit\u00e9 de Nkongsamba. La production et la commercialisation du caf\u00e9 marquent d\u2019ailleurs son identit\u00e9, ainsi que celle des villages alentours tels Bangwa ou encore Kekem.<\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, trois entrepreneurs entendent apporter un nouveau souffle \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale gr\u00e2ce au biochar. En janvier 2021 \u00e9tait lanc\u00e9e NetZero, une start-up cofond\u00e9e par Aim\u00e9 Njiakin, un entrepreneur camerounais, et deux Fran\u00e7ais, Axel Reinaud, un ancien du cabinet Boston Consulting Group, et Jean Jouzel, climatologue et ancien vice-pr\u00e9sident du GIEC (le Groupe d\u2019experts intergouvernemental sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat). L\u2019objectif : le d\u00e9veloppement du biochar, contraction de \u00ab bio \u00bb et de \u00ab charcoal \u00bb, charbon de bois en anglais, et qui consiste en une poudre de charbon obtenue par pyrolyse de d\u00e9chets verts. Quant \u00e0 ses atouts, le biochar permet \u00e0 la fois de s\u00e9questrer le carbone (CO2 contenu dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re) et de fertiliser les sols acides en zone tropicale.<\/p>\n

Mangroves, plantations, puits de carbone\u2026<\/b><\/p>\n

Le trio propose donc de s\u2019attaquer \u00e0 deux probl\u00e9matiques majeures, et d\u2019en tirer profit. Le changement climatique et l\u2019agriculture durable et r\u00e9siliente. En effet, la fiscalit\u00e9 carbone initi\u00e9e dans le cadre des Accords de Paris \u2013 mais pour l\u2019heure non encore arr\u00eat\u00e9e \u2013 et qui pr\u00e9voit notamment que les entreprises qui polluent le plus la plan\u00e8te devront \u00ab compenser \u00bb leurs \u00e9missions, leur offre une ouverture. En d\u2019autres termes, payer. Et ce pour rester dans la trajectoire des accords sur le climat, diviser par deux les \u00e9missions mondiales (50 milliards de tonnes) de carbone d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030, et atteindre un bilan carbone z\u00e9ro en 2050.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Nous nous sommes demand\u00e9 comment faire pour r\u00e9duire cet exc\u00e9dent de CO2 dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re ? \u00bb, raconte Axel Reinaud, l\u2019ancien associ\u00e9 au BCG \u00e0 Paris, qui embrasse \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent la cause du climat. L\u2019emprisonner semble une r\u00e9ponse concr\u00e8te imm\u00e9diate. Mangroves, plantations d\u2019arbres, puits de carbone (voir encadr\u00e9)\u2026 Les solutions existent, diss\u00e9min\u00e9es \u00e7\u00e0 et l\u00e0 dans le monde. \u00ab Nous avons mis\u00e9 sur le biochar \u00bb, affirme-t-il.<\/p>\n

Et c\u2019est ainsi que la jeune entreprise, dont le si\u00e8ge est localis\u00e9 \u00e0 Paris, devait inaugurer ce 1er mars le premier site de production industrielle de biochar d\u2019Afrique. Si le projet et le mode de production sont in\u00e9dits sur le continent, l\u2019id\u00e9e ressuscite une technique ancestrale, usit\u00e9e il y a plus de 6 000 ans par les Am\u00e9rindiens en Amazonie dans le but de fertiliser leurs cultures. \u00ab Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la pyrolyse des mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res agricoles, nous pouvons produire tr\u00e8s vite de tr\u00e8s grandes quantit\u00e9s de biochar \u00bb, expose le CEO de NetZero qui ne voit \u00e0 cette substance que des avantages, bien que des r\u00e9ticences existent en termes de co\u00fbt de production (notamment en Europe) et de son bilan \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.<\/p>\n

50 % de revenus issus des cr\u00e9dits carbone<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019initiative de ces entrepreneurs aux profils atypiques est soutenue par Yaound\u00e9. Un coup de pouce qui doit donner toutes les chances \u00e0 NetZero de rapidement prosp\u00e9rer. Le Cameroun, par l\u2019interm\u00e9diaire de son ministre de l\u2019Environnement, Pierre H\u00e9l\u00e9, a ainsi fortement appuy\u00e9 le projet franco-camerounais lors de la derni\u00e8re conf\u00e9rence internationale sur le climat de Glasgow en novembre. \u00ab L\u2019\u00c9tat camerounais entend lancer un plan de grande ampleur en faveur du biochar \u00bb, pr\u00e9cise Axel Reinaud.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, au beau milieu d\u2019un hangar ouvert aux quatre vents, sur les quelque 1 000 m\u00e8tres carr\u00e9 de l\u2019usine de transformation de caf\u00e9 d\u2019Aim\u00e9 Njiakin \u00e0 Nkongsamba, tr\u00f4ne \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent un imposant r\u00e9acteur de pyrolyse vert, estampill\u00e9 NetZero. On imagine l\u2019odeur \u00e2cre des d\u00e9chets organiques stock\u00e9s l\u00e0, m\u00e9lang\u00e9e au souffle l\u00e9g\u00e8rement empreint de charbon transport\u00e9 par la brise. Le quotidien de l\u2019usine doit \u00eatre amen\u00e9 \u00e0 rapidement changer, \u00e0 mesure que devraient \u00eatre transform\u00e9es les 7 000 tonnes annuelles de r\u00e9sidus agricoles (principalement de caf\u00e9) pr\u00e9vues. En bout de cha\u00eene, la fabrication de biochar par pyrolyse permet de cr\u00e9er du biocarburant, qui doit couvrir \u00e0 terme les besoins de l\u2019usine, en plus de produire un fertilisant commercialisable et, enfin, de monnayer la s\u00e9questration de carbone aupr\u00e8s des entreprises qui ont un bilan carbone catastrophique.<\/p>\n

Les fondateurs de NetZero estiment, un brin optimistes, un prix du carbone autour des 100 et 300 euros la tonne de CO2 enlev\u00e9s d\u2019ici \u00e0 2030. \u00c0 ce titre, ils pr\u00e9voient qu\u2019\u00e0 terme, le chiffre d\u2019affaires de leur entreprise sera constitu\u00e9 \u00e0 50 % des revenus issus des cr\u00e9dits carbone et \u00e0 50 % du biochar et du combustible cr\u00e9\u00e9. Si ces pr\u00e9visions sont exactes, la rentabilit\u00e9 attend au tournant.<\/p>\n

Ces autres initiatives africaines qui veulent pi\u00e9ger le carbone<\/b><\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Cameroun<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Cameroun. Un trio d\u2019entrepreneurs ressuscite la tr\u00e8s ancienne technique de fabrication du biochar, utilis\u00e9e pour emprisonner le CO2 et fertiliser les terres agricoles tropicales du littoral. Nkongsamba se dresse dans un d\u00e9cor vert et ocre. \u00c0 environ 150 km au nord de Douala, la ville s\u2019\u00e9rige au pied des monts Manengouba, aux confins […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":17055,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,11,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-17056","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-cameroun","tag-cameroun"],"yoast_head":"\nAu Cameroun, NetZero s\u00e9questre le carbone\u2026 \u00e0 profit - Cameroun<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un trio d\u2019entrepreneurs ressuscite la tr\u00e8s ancienne technique de fabrication du biochar, utilis\u00e9e pour emprisonner le CO ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Au Cameroun, NetZero s\u00e9questre le carbone\u2026 \u00e0 profit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un trio d\u2019entrepreneurs ressuscite la tr\u00e8s ancienne technique de fabrication du biochar, utilis\u00e9e pour emprisonner le CO ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cameroun\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-03-20T14:03:14+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-03-20T17:02:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2022\/03\/img-62375e0f48ab1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"360\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Au Cameroun, NetZero s\u00e9questre le carbone\u2026 \u00e0 profit\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-03-20T14:03:14+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-03-20T17:02:31+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit\"},\"wordCount\":970,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2022\/03\/img-62375e0f48ab1.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Cameroun\",\"Cameroun\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u00c9conomie\",\"homepage-french\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/au-cameroun-netzero-sequestre-le-carbone-a-profit\",\"name\":\"Au Cameroun, NetZero s\u00e9questre le carbone\u2026 \u00e0 profit - 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