{"id":78006,"date":"2024-12-24T12:44:06","date_gmt":"2024-12-24T12:44:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/politique\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump"},"modified":"2024-12-27T13:19:48","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T13:19:48","slug":"usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump","title":{"rendered":"USA\/Afrique : le futur incertain de l\u2019accord AGOA sous Trump"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Cameroun. <\/strong><\/span>L\u2019abandon du re\u0301gime de pre\u0301fe\u0301rences commerciales, qui a toujours be\u0301ne\u0301ficie\u0301 d\u2019un soutien bipartisan au Congre\u0300s ame\u0301ricain, semble peu probable. La prochaine administration ame\u0301ricaine pourrait soit e\u0301largir, soit limiter la porte\u0301e du programme, au gre\u0301 de ses inte\u0301re\u0302ts e\u0301conomiques et ge\u0301ostrate\u0301giques.<\/p>\n

Le retour de Donald Trump (photo) a\u0300 la Maison Blanche augmente les incertitudes concernant l\u2019avenir du programme African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA), un re\u0301gime de pre\u0301fe\u0301rences commerciales accorde\u0301 a\u0300 l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne par la premie\u0300re puissance e\u0301conomique mondiale depuis l\u2019an 2000. En effet, le pre\u0301sident e\u0301lu, dont le nationalisme e\u0301conomique n\u2019est plus a\u0300 de\u0301montrer, est loin d\u2019e\u0302tre un chantre de la libe\u0301ralisation du commerce. Sa re\u0301cente promesse d\u2019imposer des droits de douane de 25% sur les produits provenant du Mexique et du Canada \u2013 les deux principaux partenaires commerciaux des Etats-Unis \u2013 et d\u2019augmenter a\u0300 60% les taxes douanie\u0300res sur les produits chinois en dit long sur ses intentions protectionnistes.<\/p>\n

Lors de sa campagne e\u0301lectorale, le nouveau pre\u0301sident ame\u0301ricain, qui prendra ses fonctions en janvier 2025, avait aussi de\u0301clare\u0301 qu\u2019il imposerait des droits de douane de 10 ou 20% sur les importations en provenance du monde entier, et de 100% sur celles originaires du groupe des BRICS, qui comprend de\u0301sormais non seulement le Bre\u0301sil, la Russie, l\u2019Inde, la Chine et l\u2019Afrique du Sud, mais aussi l\u2019Egypte, l\u2019Ethiopie, l\u2019Iran, les Emirats arabes unis et l\u2019Arabie saoudite.<\/p>\n

A l\u2019heure ou\u0300 \u00ab America First \u00bb, l\u2019un des slogans phares de Trump, est plus que jamais inte\u0301gre\u0301 dans la nouvelle strate\u0301gie de se\u0301curite\u0301 nationale (NSS), les inquie\u0301tudes grandissent quant a\u0300 l\u2019abandon de l\u2019accord commercial qui permet aux pays d\u2019Afrique subsaharienne e\u0301ligibles d\u2019exporter environ 1800 produits vers les Etats-Unis en franchise de droits de douane. Ces inquie\u0301tudes sont d\u2019autant plus justifie\u0301es que l\u2019AGOA expire en septembre 2025.<\/p>\n

Mais les experts jugent cette option peu probable. \u00ab L\u2019accord commercial conclu avec l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne a toujours fait l\u2019objet d\u2019un soutien bipartisan au Congre\u0300s ame\u0301ricain. En avril 2024, un groupe bipartisan de se\u0301nateurs ame\u0301ricains a d\u2019ailleurs pre\u0301sente\u0301 a\u0300 la chambre haute du Congre\u0300s un projet de loi portant sur la prorogation de l\u2019AGOA jusqu\u2019en 2041 \u00bb, souligne Richard Morrow, analyste au sein du think tank Brenthurst Foundation, dans une tribune publie\u0301e le 10 de\u0301cembre sur le site Web du groupe de re\u0301flexion inde\u0301pendant ame\u0301ricain Council on Foreign Relations.<\/p>\n

Intitule\u0301e \u00ab AGOA at a Crossroads \u00bb, l\u2019analyse rappelle e\u0301galement que ce programme a de\u0301ja\u0300 surve\u0301cu a\u0300 la premie\u0300re administration Trump en de\u0301pit d\u2019une rhe\u0301torique commerciale protectionniste similaire. Le re\u0301gime de pre\u0301fe\u0301rences commerciales a cependant enregistre\u0301 son plus bas niveau d\u2019exportations africaines vers les Etats-Unis durant le premier mandat de Trump (8 milliards de dollars en 2019 contre un record de 66 milliards en 2008).<\/p>\n

La liste des produits couverts pourrait e\u0302tre re\u0301duite ou e\u0301largie<\/p>\n

Les exportations du secteur de l\u2019automobile ont e\u0301te\u0301 particulie\u0300rement ane\u0301mie\u0301es, passant de 1,5 milliard de dollars en 2016 a\u0300 344 millions de dollars en 2019, avant de remonter a\u0300 1,7 milliard de dollars en 2023 sous l\u2019administration Biden.<\/p>\n

Mukhisa Kituyi, ancien ministre ke\u0301nyan du Commerce et secre\u0301taire ge\u0301ne\u0301ral de la Confe\u0301rence des Nations Unies sur le commerce et le de\u0301veloppement (Cnuced), s\u2019attend de son co\u0302te\u0301 a\u0300 ce que la prochaine administration ame\u0301ricaine fasse pression en faveur d\u2019une rene\u0301gociation de l\u2019AGOA pluto\u0302t que son abandon.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les Etats-Unis souhaitent des re\u0300gles d\u2019origine des pays tiers plus strictes afin d\u2019empe\u0302cher, par exemple, les entreprises d\u2019importer des textiles de Chine ou d\u2019Inde, de les coudre en Afrique et de les vendre comme des ve\u0302tements estampille\u0301s Made in Africa \u00bb, a-t-il indique\u0301 a\u0300 l\u2019AFP.<\/p>\n

Washington pourrait aussi limiter le nombre des produits couverts par le programme AGOA, qui constitue la pierre angulaire des relations commerciales entre les Etats-Unis et l\u2019Afrique subsaharienne depuis plus de deux de\u0301cennies.<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019administration Trump pourrait demander au Congre\u0300s de supprimer certaines cate\u0301gories de produits. Dans ce cas, l\u2019objectif et la justification seraient de prote\u0301ger les industries ame\u0301ricaines cle\u0301s. Une victime probable de ce sce\u0301nario serait les importations de voitures et de pie\u0300ces de rechange automobiles, e\u0301tant donne\u0301 que M. Trump a pre\u0301sente\u0301 a\u0300 plusieurs reprises ce secteur comme l\u2019exemple type du de\u0301clin e\u0301conomique des Etats-Unis \u00bb, pronostique Richard Morrow.<\/p>\n

Et comme on peut s\u2019attendre a\u0300 tout et son contraire sous Trump, il est e\u0301galement possible que son administration proce\u0300de a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301largissement de la liste des produits couverts par l\u2019AGOA pour y inte\u0301grer les minerais critiques. Cela est d\u2019autant plus envisageable que le pre\u0301sident avait, en 2017, promulgue\u0301 le de\u0301cret 13817, qui soulignait l\u2019importance de re\u0301duire la vulne\u0301rabilite\u0301 du pays aux perturbations de l\u2019approvisionnement en minerais critiques dans un contexte d\u2019exacerbation de la guerre commerciale avec la Chine.<\/p>\n

Et last but not least, le pragmatisme a\u0300 tous crins du 47e pre\u0301sident des USA pourrait l\u2019amener a\u0300 utiliser l\u2019AGOA comme une \u00ab arme \u00bb pour pousser les pays e\u0301ligibles a\u0300 s\u2019aligner sur les inte\u0301re\u0302ts du pays ou sanctionner les \u00ab amis \u00bb de la Chine. Un pre\u0301ce\u0301dent qui a eu lieu en 2018 renforce l\u2019hypothe\u0300se de l\u2019utilisation du re\u0301gime de pre\u0301fe\u0301rences commerciales comme ba\u0302ton par l\u2019administration Trump. Cette anne\u0301e-la\u0300, les Etats-Unis avaient suspendu les exportations rwandaises de textile-habillement en franchise de droits de douane, en repre\u0301sailles a\u0300 la de\u0301cision de Kigali de taxer les importations de ve\u0302tements de deuxie\u0300me main qui inondaient le pays et empe\u0302chaient l\u2019e\u0301mergence d\u2019une industrie textile locale.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Cameroun<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Cameroun. L\u2019abandon du re\u0301gime de pre\u0301fe\u0301rences commerciales, qui a toujours be\u0301ne\u0301ficie\u0301 d\u2019un soutien bipartisan au Congre\u0300s ame\u0301ricain, semble peu probable. La prochaine administration ame\u0301ricaine pourrait soit e\u0301largir, soit limiter la porte\u0301e du programme, au gre\u0301 de ses inte\u0301re\u0302ts e\u0301conomiques et ge\u0301ostrate\u0301giques. Le retour de Donald Trump (photo) a\u0300 la Maison Blanche augmente les […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":78005,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[49],"class_list":["post-78006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-cameroun"],"yoast_head":"\nUSA\/Afrique : le futur incertain de l\u2019accord AGOA sous Trump - Cameroun<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019abandon du re\u0301gime de pre\u0301fe\u0301rences commerciales, qui a toujours be\u0301ne\u0301ficie\u0301 d\u2019un soutien bipartisan au Congre\u0300s ame\u0301 ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"USA\/Afrique : le futur incertain de l\u2019accord AGOA sous Trump\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019abandon du re\u0301gime de pre\u0301fe\u0301rences commerciales, qui a toujours be\u0301ne\u0301ficie\u0301 d\u2019un soutien bipartisan au Congre\u0300s ame\u0301 ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Cameroun\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-12-24T12:44:06+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-12-27T13:19:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2024\/12\/sm_1735292246.663611.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"720\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"462\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"USA\/Afrique : le futur incertain de l\u2019accord AGOA sous Trump\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-12-24T12:44:06+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-12-27T13:19:48+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump\"},\"wordCount\":1044,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/sites\/57\/2024\/12\/sm_1735292246.663611.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Cameroun\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u00c9conomie\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cameroun\/economie\/usa-afrique-le-futur-incertain-de-laccord-agoa-sous-trump\",\"name\":\"USA\/Afrique : le futur incertain de l\u2019accord AGOA sous Trump - 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