{"id":12345,"date":"2023-09-27T18:05:27","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T18:05:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/comores\/politique\/covid-la-pilule-de-merck-accusee-daccelerer-les-mutations-du-virus"},"modified":"2023-09-28T13:06:11","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T13:06:11","slug":"covid-la-pilule-de-merck-accusee-daccelerer-les-mutations-du-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/comores\/toutes-les-actualites\/covid-la-pilule-de-merck-accusee-daccelerer-les-mutations-du-virus","title":{"rendered":"Covid : la pilule de Merck accus\u00e9e d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les mutations du virus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Comores. <\/strong><\/span>La pilule anti-Covid de Merck risque-t-elle d\u2019aggraver la pande\u0301mie ? Des chercheurs affirment que ce traitement contribue a\u0300 faire e\u0301merger des mutations du virus, avec un risque pour l\u2019heure the\u0301orique: donner naissance a\u0300 des variants dangereux.<\/p>\n

\u201cLe traitement au molnupiravir a laisse\u0301 une trace visible dans les bases de donne\u0301es mondiales de se\u0301quenc\u0327age\u201d du ge\u0301nome du virus, conclut une e\u0301tude publie\u0301e lundi dans la revue Nature.<\/p>\n

Le molnupiravir est un traitement de\u0301veloppe\u0301 par le ge\u0301ant pharmaceutique ame\u0301ricain Merck (dit MSD a\u0300 l\u2019international).<\/p>\n

Mis sur le marche\u0301 en 2021, il s\u2019agissait de la premie\u0300re pilule anti-Covid, une avance\u0301e notable pour un arsenal pharmaceutique qui n\u2019e\u0301tait jusqu\u2019alors compose\u0301 que de vaccins et de traitements ne\u0301cessitant une administration complexe par intraveineuse.<\/p>\n

Mais le molnupiravir, vendu sous le nom Lagevrio, a vite fait l\u2019objet de critiques. Celles-ci ont en partie vise\u0301 son efficacite\u0301 limite\u0301e, notamment par rapport a\u0300 son grand concurrent, le Paxlovid de Pfizer, qui l\u2019a rapidement rejoint sur le marche\u0301.<\/p>\n

Surtout, son mode d\u2019action a provoque\u0301 de vives re\u0301ticences. Contrairement a\u0300 d\u2019autres antiviraux, comme le Paxlovid, le Lagevrio agit en s\u2019inte\u0301grant directement au ge\u0301nome du virus.<\/p>\n

L\u2019objectif est de de\u0301clencher une se\u0301rie de mutations de plus en plus de\u0301sordonne\u0301es qui aboutissent a\u0300 terme a\u0300 l\u2019extinction du virus dans l\u2019organisme. Mais des chercheurs ont, de\u0300s son lancement, estime\u0301 que ce me\u0301canisme risquait de favoriser l\u2019apparition de virus mutants et transmissibles d\u2019un individu a\u0300 l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n

\u201cSignature\u201d spe\u0301cifique<\/b><\/p>\n

Ce risque avait contribue\u0301 a\u0300 une certaine frilosite\u0301 des autorite\u0301s sanitaires comme la FDA ame\u0301ricaine qui n\u2019avait approuve\u0301 le molnupiravir qu\u2019a\u0300 une faible majorite\u0301, ou la Haute Autorite\u0301 de Sante\u0301 (HAS) franc\u0327aise, qui l\u2019a carre\u0301ment e\u0301carte\u0301.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est dans ce contexte que s\u2019inscrit l\u2019e\u0301tude publie\u0301e lundi, alors que l\u2019e\u0301toile de la pilule de Merck a de\u0301ja\u0300 pa\u0302li au vu de sa faible efficacite\u0301 mais qu\u2019elle reste encore largement prescrite dans certains pays, notamment en voie de de\u0301veloppement.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont e\u0301tudie\u0301 une vaste base de donne\u0301es, dite Gisaid, qui rassemble les ge\u0301nomes des virus recueillis chez de nombreux patients a\u0300 travers le monde.<\/p>\n

Pour eux, la conclusion est sans appel: l\u2019usage du molnupiravir est associe\u0301 a\u0300 l\u2019apparition de mutations spe\u0301cifiques.<\/p>\n

Ils ont constate\u0301 l\u2019apparition d\u2019une \u201csignature\u201d spe\u0301cifique au moment ou\u0300 la pilule avait commence\u0301 a\u0300 e\u0302tre prescrite dans certains pays. Par contraste, elle est presque absente des endroits ou\u0300 le traitement n\u2019e\u0301tait pas approuve\u0301.<\/p>\n

En re\u0301sume\u0301, ce traitement \u201cpeut donner naissance a\u0300 des virus qui ont mute\u0301 de fac\u0327on notable et qui restent viables, voire dans certain cas transmissibles\u201d, a explique\u0301 a\u0300 l\u2019AFP l\u2019un des auteurs, le ge\u0301ne\u0301ticien Theo Sanderson.<\/p>\n

Ces conclusions ont e\u0301te\u0301 rejete\u0301es par Merck. Selon le laboratoire ame\u0301ricain, l\u2019e\u0301tude ne met en avant qu\u2019une corre\u0301lation sans permettre d\u2019affirmer un lien de cause a\u0300 effet entre son traitement et ces mutations.<\/p>\n

Les auteurs se basent sur des \u201cassociations circonstancielles\u201d, a de\u0301clare\u0301 le groupe aupre\u0300s de l\u2019AFP.<\/p>\n

Pas de risque imme\u0301diat<\/b><\/p>\n

Reste que l\u2019e\u0301tude convainc plusieurs chercheurs qui n\u2019y ont pas participe\u0301, tel le virologue Stephen Griffin qui a salue\u0301 aupre\u0300s du Science Media Center (SMC) britannique un travail \u201cbien mene\u0301 et d\u2019une importance exceptionnelle\u201d.<\/p>\n

Comme les auteurs de l\u2019e\u0301tude, il insiste sur un point: les mutations repe\u0301re\u0301es ne semblent pas, en elles-me\u0302mes, avoir e\u0301te\u0301 particulie\u0300rement dangereuses ou contagieuses.<\/p>\n

\u201cMais ces re\u0301sultats ont des implications importantes pour la suite de la pande\u0301mie\u201d, pre\u0301vient M. Griffin.<\/p>\n

En effet, tout phe\u0301nome\u0300ne qui acce\u0301le\u0300re les mutations du virus fait courir a\u0300 terme le risque de faire nai\u0302tre des variants plus dangereux ou, comme l\u2019avait e\u0301te\u0301 Omicron a\u0300 son apparition, nettement plus transmissibles que ses pre\u0301de\u0301cesseurs.<\/p>\n

Faut-il dans ce contexte cesser de prescrire du molnupiravir ? Les auteurs de l\u2019e\u0301tude se gardent bien de se prononcer, restant sur le terrain de la ge\u0301ne\u0301tique et renvoyant les autorite\u0301s sanitaires a\u0300 leurs responsabilite\u0301s.<\/p>\n

Et pour certains chercheurs, si ces re\u0301sultats rappellent la ne\u0301cessite\u0301 de ne pas prescrire du molnupiravir a\u0300 tour de bras, il ne faut pas y renoncer purement et simplement.<\/p>\n

\u201cBien su\u0302r, il ne faut pas syste\u0301matiquement prendre du molnupiravir quand on est infecte\u0301\u201d au coronavirus, conclut l\u2019infectiologue Chris Butler aupre\u0300s du SMC. \u201cMais dans certains cas difficiles, c\u2019est un me\u0301dicament qui peut e\u0302tre tre\u0300s utile\u201d.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Comores<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Comores. La pilule anti-Covid de Merck risque-t-elle d\u2019aggraver la pande\u0301mie ? Des chercheurs affirment que ce traitement contribue a\u0300 faire e\u0301merger des mutations du virus, avec un risque pour l\u2019heure the\u0301orique: donner naissance a\u0300 des variants dangereux. \u201cLe traitement au molnupiravir a laisse\u0301 une trace visible dans les bases de donne\u0301es mondiales de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":12344,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,53,45],"class_list":["post-12345","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-comores","tag-comores"],"yoast_head":"\nCovid : la pilule de Merck accus\u00e9e d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer les mutations du virus - Comores<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La pilule anti-Covid de Merck risque-t-elle d\u2019aggraver la pande\u0301mie ? 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