{"id":1265,"date":"2021-08-20T22:29:22","date_gmt":"2021-08-20T22:29:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-brazzaville\/?p=1265"},"modified":"2021-08-20T22:27:35","modified_gmt":"2021-08-20T22:27:35","slug":"friches-industrielles-la-difficile-depollution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-brazzaville\/toutes-les-actualites\/friches-industrielles-la-difficile-depollution","title":{"rendered":"Friches industrielles\u00a0: la difficile d\u00e9pollution"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Congo Brazzaville<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>Paris, Lille ou Marseille… Presque toutes les grandes villes fran\u00e7aises ont un pass\u00e9 industriel. Aujourd’hui, les usines ont ferm\u00e9, mais il reste les cicatrices de la d\u00e9sindustrialisation : des hydrocarbures, solvants, m\u00e9taux lourds, voire parfois des traces de radioactivit\u00e9. Il y a pr\u00e8s de 7 000 anciens sites industriels pollu\u00e9s ou potentiellement pollu\u00e9s en France. Quelque 300 000 autres doivent encore \u00eatre r\u00e9pertori\u00e9s. Un tr\u00e9sor pour les entreprises sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es et les promoteurs immobiliers.<\/b><\/p>\n

Alors que les villes continuent de gagner du terrain, les friches industrielles urbaines sont convoit\u00e9es par les promoteurs immobiliers. Ces anciens sites industriels, bien que toujours pollu\u00e9s, valent cher et sont souvent bien situ\u00e9s. La d\u00e9pollution leur offre une nouvelle vie. Des athl\u00e8tes \u00e0 la place des hydrocarbures<\/p>\n

Les Jeux olympiques de Paris en 2024 vont changer le visage de certains d’entre eux, aux portes de Paris. Sur cet ancien d\u00e9p\u00f4t d’hydrocarbures \u00e0 Saint-Ouen, au nord de la capitale, se dressera bient\u00f4t le village des athl\u00e8tes, suivi d’un quartier durable, une fois l’\u00e9v\u00e9nement sportif termin\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Laurent Galdemas, Pr\u00e9sident d’EODD Ing\u00e9nieurs conseils nous explique : \u00ab\u00a0Pour d\u00e9polluer les sols, tr\u00e8s simplement, on creuse\u00a0\u00bb. Les terres sont excav\u00e9es, transport\u00e9es par la Seine. \u00ab\u00a0On contr\u00f4le les sols au fur et \u00e0 mesure de l’avancement du chantier en pr\u00e9levant de la terre, en analysant cette terre en laboratoire et en v\u00e9rifiant que les concentrations en polluant correspondent parfaitement aux usages qu’on a d\u00e9finis.\u00a0\u00bb Cette terre excav\u00e9e ne revient pas sur place, une petite partie est trait\u00e9e, la grande majorit\u00e9 stock\u00e9e dans des sites d\u00e9di\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9polluer co\u00fbte cher : en moyenne, 500 000 euros par hectare, mais l’op\u00e9ration donne une valeur au site, dans une zone o\u00f9 le prix au m\u00e8tre carr\u00e9 est en explosion. \u00ab\u00a0Reconvertir les friches, c’est limiter l’\u00e9talement urbain, l’artificialisation des sols \u00e0 l’ext\u00e9rieur de la ville (\u2026), passer d’une vision des ann\u00e9es 1980 \u00e0 une vision des ann\u00e9es 2050.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Les plantes au secours des d\u00e9pollueurs Bien souvent, \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9polluer\u00a0\u00bb signifie seulement enlever la terre, la d\u00e9placer et la stocker. Mais une start-up lyonnaise aimerait aller plus loin : utiliser des plantes pour d\u00e9polluer in situ.<\/p>\n

Ludovic Vincent, PDG de Biomede, nous explique le principe : \u00ab\u00a0Les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, en s’adaptant, ont trouv\u00e9 des m\u00e9canismes pour retirer certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments du sol. On peut voir \u00e7a un petit peu comme une \u00e9ponge vivante. On utilise cette capacit\u00e9 d’extraction des plantes.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Le jeune ing\u00e9nieur agronome \u00e9tudie avec son \u00e9quipe le site de l’ancienne mine de Chessy, au nord-ouest de Lyon, dont les terres sont pollu\u00e9es par le cuivre, le plomb et les m\u00e9taux lourds, apr\u00e8s des si\u00e8cles d’extraction.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0On regarde quelles sont les plantes qui poussent sur ce site et quelles sont celles qui pr\u00e9sentent des m\u00e9taux lourds qu’elles ont dans leurs feuilles ou les tiges.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Sa technique, encore peu connue, la \u00ab\u00a0phytorem\u00e9diation\u00a0\u00bb, date d’une vingtaine d’ann\u00e9es. Bien s\u00fbr, d\u00e9polluer un terrain de cette fa\u00e7on peut prendre plusieurs d\u00e9cennies, le temps que les plantes fassent leur travail. Ludovic Vincent est conscient des limites : \u00ab\u00a0Oui, c’est une m\u00e9thode qui est quand m\u00eame plus lente. Sur d’autres sites, o\u00f9 il va falloir travailler rapidement, ce sera d’autres m\u00e9thodes qui vont \u00eatre privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es comme \u00e9ventuellement l’excavation ou des traitements physicochimiques. Mais avec notre m\u00e9thode, on ne va pas d\u00e9grader les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du sol.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Congo Brazzaville. Paris, Lille ou Marseille… Presque toutes les grandes villes fran\u00e7aises ont un pass\u00e9 industriel. Aujourd’hui, les usines ont ferm\u00e9, mais il reste les cicatrices de la d\u00e9sindustrialisation : des hydrocarbures, solvants, m\u00e9taux lourds, voire parfois des traces de radioactivit\u00e9. Il y a pr\u00e8s de 7 000 anciens sites industriels pollu\u00e9s ou […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":1264,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,11,10],"tags":[36,47,46,85,133,132,134,73,131],"class_list":["post-1265","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-congo-brazzaville","tag-congo-brazzaville","tag-environnement","tag-industrie","tag-jeux-olympiques","tag-jo-de-paris-2024","tag-pollution","tag-urbanisme"],"yoast_head":"\nFriches industrielles\u00a0: la difficile d\u00e9pollution - Congo Brazzaville<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Paris, Lille ou Marseille... Presque toutes les grandes villes fran\u00e7aises ont un pass\u00e9 industriel. 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