{"id":19040,"date":"2023-06-21T15:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T15:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-brazzaville\/politique\/cancers-le-role-du-chromosome-y-serait-determinant"},"modified":"2023-06-27T13:13:48","modified_gmt":"2023-06-27T13:13:48","slug":"cancers-le-role-du-chromosome-y-serait-determinant","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-brazzaville\/toutes-les-actualites\/cancers-le-role-du-chromosome-y-serait-determinant","title":{"rendered":"Cancers\u00a0: le r\u00f4le du chromosome Y serait d\u00e9terminant"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Congo Brazzaville. <\/strong><\/span>Certains cancers affectent plus les hommes que les femmes. C’est le cas notamment des cancers de la vessie et du co\u0302lon. Deux e\u0301tudes ame\u0301ricaines publie\u0301es dans le dernier nume\u0301ro de Nature ont tente\u0301 d’e\u0301tudier en profondeur les causes ge\u0301ne\u0301tiques de telles diffe\u0301rences. Leurs recherches se sont concentre\u0301es sur l’e\u0301le\u0301ment qui distingue les deux sexes : le chromosome Y. Rappelons que si les cellules de l’espe\u0300ce humaine, hommes comme femmes, ont 46 chromosomes, celles des femmes comportent une paire de chromosomes sexuels X, tandis que chez les hommes un des X est remplace\u0301 par un chromosome Y. Beaucoup plus petit, ce dernier ne contient qu’une soixantaine de ge\u0300nes alors qu’on en de\u0301nombre pre\u0300s de 1000 sur le chromosome X.<\/p>\n

Au vu de sa petitesse, on pourrait donc penser que le chromosome Y joue un ro\u0302le mineur. Preuve en serait que chez les hommes vieillissants, certaines de leurs cellules auraient tendance a\u0300 perdre purement et simplement cet e\u0301le\u0301ment biologique ma\u0302le. Pourtant, montrent les deux e\u0301tudes, le ro\u0302le du chromosome Y dans la survenue de certains cancers semble primordial.<\/p>\n

L’implication du ge\u0300ne KRAS porte\u0301 par le chromosome Y<\/b><\/p>\n

Ainsi, l’e\u0301quipe de Ronald DePinho du centre me\u0301dical MD Anderson de l’universite\u0301 du Texas (Houston, E\u0301tats-Unis) a mis au jour le ro\u0302le d’un ge\u0300ne nomme\u0301 KRAS porte\u0301 par le chromosome Y.<\/p>\n

Lire aussiIncroyable : un mammife\u0300re dont les ma\u0302les ne posse\u0300dent pas de chromosome Y<\/p>\n

Lorsque celui-ci est surexprime\u0301, que ce soit chez l’homme ou chez une souris mode\u0300le, l’agressivite\u0301 des cancers colorectaux s’en trouve renforce\u0301e, favorisant notamment l’expansion des tumeurs dans l’organisme avec la formation de me\u0301tastases. En cause, KRAS qui, par un me\u0301canisme encore ne\u0301buleux, permet aux cellules cance\u0301reuses d’e\u0301chapper a\u0300 la surveillance du syste\u0300me immunitaire.<\/p>\n

L’absence de chromosome Y fait progresser plus rapidement les tumeurs<\/b><\/p>\n

Mais, Janus a\u0300 double face, le chromosome Y joue e\u0301galement un ro\u0302le positif dans la pre\u0301vention du processus tumoral, comme le de\u0301montre la seconde e\u0301tude re\u0301alise\u0301e par Dan Theodorescu du Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (Los Angeles, E\u0301tats-Unis) et ses collaborateurs. Les chercheurs se sont ainsi demande\u0301 ce qui se passait lorsque les cellules perdaient leur chromosome Y. Conclusion : en se de\u0301barrassant de cet e\u0301le\u0301ment ge\u0301ne\u0301tique, les cellules cance\u0301reuses, tout comme dans l’e\u0301tude de DePinho, e\u0301chappent au syste\u0300me immunitaire et deviennent plus virulentes, comme les chercheurs l’ont montre\u0301 en e\u0301tudiant les ligne\u0301es cellulaires de 300 patients ma\u0302les souffrant d’un cancer de la vessie. Et il s’ave\u0300re que c’est e\u0301galement le cas pour les cancers de la prostate. Une observation confirme\u0301e chez la souris. Chez les animaux dont les cellules tumorales n’avaient plus de chromosome Y, la maladie progressait beaucoup plus rapidement que pour les souris disposant encore du chromosome sexuel.<\/p>\n

Un point positif toutefois et un espoir de the\u0301rapie : ces tumeurs tre\u0300s agressives sans Y semblent posse\u0301der un talon d’Achille. En effet, elles apparaissent plus sensibles aux immunothe\u0301rapies, que ce soit chez la souris ou chez l’humain.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Congo Brazzaville<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Congo Brazzaville. Certains cancers affectent plus les hommes que les femmes. C’est le cas notamment des cancers de la vessie et du co\u0302lon. Deux e\u0301tudes ame\u0301ricaines publie\u0301es dans le dernier nume\u0301ro de Nature ont tente\u0301 d’e\u0301tudier en profondeur les causes ge\u0301ne\u0301tiques de telles diffe\u0301rences. Leurs recherches se sont concentre\u0301es sur l’e\u0301le\u0301ment qui distingue […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":19039,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,47,46],"class_list":["post-19040","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-congo-brazzaville","tag-congo-brazzaville"],"yoast_head":"\nCancers\u00a0: le r\u00f4le du chromosome Y serait d\u00e9terminant - Congo Brazzaville<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Certains cancers affectent plus les hommes que les femmes. 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