{"id":29416,"date":"2024-04-25T10:47:59","date_gmt":"2024-04-25T10:47:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-brazzaville\/politique\/inflation-en-afrique-comment-enrayer-la-chute-des-monnaies"},"modified":"2024-04-25T12:13:25","modified_gmt":"2024-04-25T12:13:25","slug":"inflation-en-afrique-comment-enrayer-la-chute-des-monnaies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-brazzaville\/economie\/inflation-en-afrique-comment-enrayer-la-chute-des-monnaies","title":{"rendered":"Inflation en Afrique: comment enrayer la chute des monnaies?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Congo Brazzaville. <\/strong><\/span>Comment sortir de la crise mone\u0301taire en Afrique ? Une vingtaine de monnaies africaines ont atteint leur plus bas historique ces derniers mois. En E\u0301gypte, la livre a perdu la moitie\u0301 de sa valeur. Au Nigeria, le naira, de\u0301value\u0301 deux fois en un an, redresse le\u0301ge\u0300rement la barre, mais sur le temps long, le shilling ke\u0301nyan ou encore le cedi ghane\u0301en de\u0301vissent face au dollar.<\/p>\n

Le cedi de\u0301gringole de nouveau, re\u0301sultat de deux effets conjugue\u0301s: une forte inflation depuis deux ans et un dollar fort. \u00ab Le Ghana de\u0301pend des importations pour les biens et les services \u00bb, explique Appiah Kusi Adomako, directeur re\u0301gional Afrique de l\u2019Ouest de l\u2019ONG de de\u0301fense des consommateurs CUTS (Consumer Unity & Trust Society) base\u0301e a\u0300 Accra. \u00ab Quand le cedi se de\u0301pre\u0301cie, on a besoin de de\u0301penser plus pour importer la me\u0302me quantite\u0301. Et quand le prix de l\u2019essence augmente, c\u0327a affecte les transports, donc les prix de la nourriture, du ciment, de l\u2019e\u0301lectricite\u0301, etc. La de\u0301pre\u0301ciation du cedi face au dollar provoque un effet en cascade sur toute l\u2019e\u0301conomie. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Des prix changeant d\u2019heure en heure<\/p>\n

Au Ghana, le spectre de 2022 est dans les esprits. Pande\u0301mie de Covid-19 et guerre en Ukraine avaient de\u0301ja\u0300 durement affecte\u0301 la monnaie ghane\u0301enne, pourtant juge\u0301e solide. L\u2019inflation de\u0301passe alors les 50%, une situation incontro\u0302lable, se souvient Appiah Kusi Adomako: \u00ab Les consommateurs ghane\u0301ens espe\u0300rent que la situation ne de\u0301ge\u0301ne\u0300rera pas comme en 2022. A\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301poque, on est passe\u0301 de 6 a\u0300 15 ce\u0301dis pour un dollar. Les prix a\u0300 la consommation changeaient d\u2019heure en heure \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Chaque monnaie a sa spe\u0301cificite\u0301, mais toutes font face au me\u0302me proble\u0300me: le dollar, principale monnaie de transaction internationale, reste fort et les re\u0301serves de change des banques centrales s\u2019amenuisent.<\/p>\n

Vers une de\u0301dollarisation des e\u0301conomies<\/p>\n

Le Soudan du Sud a de\u0301cide\u0301 il y a un an de suspendre l\u2019utilisation du dollar pour rebooster sa monnaie locale. La de\u0301dollarisation est une des solutions. \u00ab L\u2019Afrique doit se libe\u0301rer progressivement des syste\u0300mes classiques de re\u0300glements internationaux. Actuellement, le recours au dollar est tre\u0300s cou\u0302teux avec des de\u0301lais de transactions tre\u0300s longs \u00bb, estime l\u2019e\u0301conomiste international se\u0301ne\u0301galais Magaye Gaye. \u00ab Ces pays devraient aller vers des strate\u0301gies efficientes de de\u0301dollarisation de leurs e\u0301conomies exte\u0301rieures en diversifiant au mieux leurs partenaires commerciaux. Cela passe par le renforcement du commerce intra-africain qui est aujourd\u2019hui faible. Figurez-vous qu\u2019il ne repre\u0301sente que 15% du total des flux commerciaux du continent \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Pour se passer du dollar, le Ghana avait lance\u0301 en de\u0301but d\u2019anne\u0301e dernie\u0300re son programme \u00ab Or contre pe\u0301trole \u00bb. Face a\u0300 la nouvelle de\u0301gringolade du cedi, la banque centrale ghane\u0301enne demande de\u0301sormais au gouvernement d\u2019e\u0301tendre ce programme aux banques commerciales.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Congo Brazzaville<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Congo Brazzaville. Comment sortir de la crise mone\u0301taire en Afrique ? Une vingtaine de monnaies africaines ont atteint leur plus bas historique ces derniers mois. En E\u0301gypte, la livre a perdu la moitie\u0301 de sa valeur. Au Nigeria, le naira, de\u0301value\u0301 deux fois en un an, redresse le\u0301ge\u0300rement la barre, mais sur le […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":29415,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,10],"tags":[36,47,46],"class_list":["post-29416","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-congo-brazzaville","tag-congo-brazzaville"],"yoast_head":"\nInflation en Afrique: comment enrayer la chute des monnaies? - Congo Brazzaville<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Comment sortir de la crise mone\u0301taire en Afrique ? 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