{"id":54275,"date":"2026-02-27T17:16:29","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T17:16:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-brazzaville\/politique\/accouplements-entre-neandertaliens-et-homo-sapiens"},"modified":"2026-02-27T17:46:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T17:46:37","slug":"accouplements-entre-neandertaliens-et-homo-sapiens","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-brazzaville\/toutes-les-actualites\/accouplements-entre-neandertaliens-et-homo-sapiens","title":{"rendered":"Accouplements entre N\u00e9andertaliens et Homo sapiens"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Congo Brazzaville. <\/strong> <\/span>En 2010, des scientifiques ont de\u0301crypte\u0301 le ge\u0301nome de l’homme de Ne\u0301andertal a\u0300 partir d’ADN, une e\u0301tude majeure qui a confirme\u0301 que les Homo Sapiens et les Ne\u0301andertaliens s’e\u0301taient effectivement croise\u0301s. La plupart des gens vivant aujourd’hui posse\u0300dent quelques fragments re\u0301siduels d’ADN de cette espe\u0300ce disparue, he\u0301rite\u0301s d’un me\u0301tissage qui a eu lieu entre les deux espe\u0300ces.<\/p>\n

Les recherches indiquent que les deux groupes descendent d’une population installe\u0301e en Afrique il y a quelques millions d’anne\u0301es. Au fil de centaines de mille\u0301naires, les migrations humaines ont entrai\u0302ne\u0301 des me\u0301tissages entre les deux groupes. Pourtant, les humains modernes pre\u0301sentent peu ou pas d’ADN ne\u0301andertalien sur le chromosome X, l’un des deux chromosomes humains qui de\u0301terminent le sexe du f\u0153tus.<\/p>\n

Le flux ge\u0301ne\u0301tique \u00ab\u00a0s’est produit principalement entre des ma\u0302les ne\u0301andertaliens et des femelles humaines anatomiquement modernes\u00a0\u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

On supposait que cela re\u0301sultait de la se\u0301lection naturelle. Mais une nouvelle e\u0301tude mene\u0301e par l’universite\u0301 de Pennsylvanie sugge\u0300re que ce phe\u0301nome\u0300ne re\u0301sulterait en fait de \u00ab\u00a0pre\u0301fe\u0301rences de reproduction\u00a0\u00bb. L’e\u0301quipe a analyse\u0301 de l’ADN humain moderne pre\u0301serve\u0301 chez un homme de Ne\u0301andertal et a constate\u0301 qu’il e\u0301tait particulie\u0300rement abondant sur le chromosome X, exactement l’inverse de ce que l’on observe chez l’humain.<\/p>\n

Ce re\u0301sultat leur a permis d’e\u0301carter l’ide\u0301e d’une incompatibilite\u0301 reproductive entre les espe\u0300ces. Au contraire, le flux ge\u0301ne\u0301tique \u00ab\u00a0s’est produit principalement entre des ma\u0302les ne\u0301andertaliens et des femelles humaines anatomiquement modernes\u00a0\u00bb, explique Alexander Platt, chercheur principal de l’e\u0301tude.<\/p>\n

Etant donne\u0301 que les femmes posse\u0300dent deux chromosomes X et les hommes un seul, alors si les ma\u0302les ne\u0301andertaliens et les femelles humaines modernes s’accouplaient plus fre\u0301quemment, davantage de chromosomes X humains pe\u0301ne\u0301traient le pool ge\u0301ne\u0301tique ne\u0301andertalien et moins de chromosomes X ne\u0301andertaliens se retrouvaient dans les populations humaines.<\/p>\n

Mieux comprendre comment ce mode\u0300le d’accouplement s’est de\u0301veloppe\u0301<\/b><\/p>\n

D’autres raisons pouvaient e\u0302tre avance\u0301es, mais ces pratiques d’accouplement anciennes \u00ab\u00a0fournissent l’explication la plus simple\u00a0\u00bb, affirme Alexander Platt. Une autre question subsiste: pourquoi? Les hommes de Ne\u0301andertal et les femmes humaines auraient pu avoir des relations par choix, violence ou contrainte.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs espe\u0300rent de\u0301sormais analyser les raisons qui pourraient nous aider a\u0300 mieux comprendre comment ce mode\u0300le d’accouplement s’est de\u0301veloppe\u0301. Parmi les possibilite\u0301s, les dynamiques entre les hommes et les femmes dans la socie\u0301te\u0301 ne\u0301andertalienne ou les habitudes migratoires. Il est possible, par exemple, que les hommes aient e\u0301te\u0301 plus enclins a\u0300 quitter leur communaute\u0301 tandis que les femmes restaient avec leurs familles.<\/p>\n

Retrouvez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s et d\u2019analyses sur Congo Brazzaville<\/span> sur le site Africa Press<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Congo Brazzaville. En 2010, des scientifiques ont de\u0301crypte\u0301 le ge\u0301nome de l’homme de Ne\u0301andertal a\u0300 partir d’ADN, une e\u0301tude majeure qui a confirme\u0301 que les Homo Sapiens et les Ne\u0301andertaliens s’e\u0301taient effectivement croise\u0301s. La plupart des gens vivant aujourd’hui posse\u0300dent quelques fragments re\u0301siduels d’ADN de cette espe\u0300ce disparue, he\u0301rite\u0301s d’un me\u0301tissage qui a […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":54274,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[46],"class_list":["post-54275","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-congo-brazzaville"],"yoast_head":"\nAccouplements entre N\u00e9andertaliens et Homo sapiens - Congo Brazzaville<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"-article-header-tag"> Africa-Press - Congo Brazzaville. 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