{"id":59012,"date":"2023-03-31T19:11:25","date_gmt":"2023-03-31T19:11:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-kinshasa\/politique\/sidaction-2023-cinq-questions-sur-le-vih-sida"},"modified":"2023-03-31T20:21:48","modified_gmt":"2023-03-31T20:21:48","slug":"sidaction-2023-cinq-questions-sur-le-vih-sida","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/congo-kinshasa\/toutes-les-actualites\/sidaction-2023-cinq-questions-sur-le-vih-sida","title":{"rendered":"Sidaction 2023 : cinq questions sur le VIH\/sida"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Congo Kinshasa. <\/strong><\/span>Trois jours de mobilisation les 24, 25 et 26 mars. Pour la trentie\u0300me e\u0301dition de l\u2019e\u0301ve\u0301nement, l\u2019association Sidaction l\u2019affirme : \u00ab On n\u2019a jamais e\u0301te\u0301 aussi proche de jouir d\u2019un avenir sans sida \u00bb. L\u2019occasion de rappeler l\u2019histoire de la maladie et du virus qui en est la cause, le VIH.<\/b>
\nQuand le VIH est-il apparu ?<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019origine du virus de l\u2019immunode\u0301ficience humaine (VIH) a longtemps fait l\u2019objet de the\u0301ories complotistes : accident en laboratoire, cre\u0301ation de la CIA, disse\u0301mination volontaire au sein de la population africaine… En re\u0301alite\u0301, on sait que l\u2019\u00ab ance\u0302tre \u00bb du virus est d\u2019origine simienne et \u00ab a du\u0302 apparai\u0302tre en Afrique dans les anne\u0301es 1920\u20131930 \u00bb, indique l\u2019Inserm. \u00ab L\u2019humain a probablement e\u0301te\u0301 contamine\u0301 a\u0300 plusieurs reprises depuis lors, via la consommation de viande de chimpanze\u0301 ou des morsures de ces animaux \u00bb, fait-on savoir.<\/p>\n

La plus ancienne infection d\u2019un humain, un marin britannique, a e\u0301te\u0301 date\u0301e a posteriori de 1959. C\u2019est au tout de\u0301but des anne\u0301es 1980 que le virus se re\u0301pand, d\u2019abord dans la communaute\u0301 homosexuelle ame\u0301ricaine.<\/p>\n

Comment se transmet-il ?<\/b><\/p>\n

En 2020, quelques semaines ont suffi pour sequencer le ge\u0301nome du virus SARS-CoV-2, responsable du covid-19. Quatre de\u0301cennies plus to\u0302t, des mois de travail impliquant des e\u0301quipes de chercheurs du monde entier ont e\u0301te\u0301 ne\u0301cessaires pour de\u0301couvrir la cause de la maladie inexplique\u0301e que l\u2019on n\u2019appelait pas encore sida, et qui provoquait des de\u0301ce\u0300s par milliers.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est donc en janvier 1983, deux ans apre\u0300s l\u2019apparition des premiers cas, que les professeurs franc\u0327ais de l\u2019institut Pasteur Luc-Montagnier, Jean-Claude Chermann et Franc\u0327oise Barre-Sinoussi de\u0301couvrent que cette infection est cause\u0301e par un virus, le virus de l\u2019immunode\u0301ficience humaine, qu\u2019ils parviennent a\u0300 isoler.<\/p>\n

Peu a\u0300 peu, les scientifiques e\u0301tablissent les diffe\u0301rents modes de transmission du virus. \u00ab Par pe\u0301ne\u0301tration (anale ou vaginale) lors d\u2019un rapport sexuel, par transfusion sanguine, par le partage d\u2019aiguilles contamine\u0301es dans les e\u0301tablissements de soins et chez les toxicomanes, mais aussi de la me\u0300re a\u0300 l\u2019enfant au cours de la grossesse, de l\u2019accouchement et de l\u2019allaitement \u00bb, re\u0301sume l\u2019ONUsida.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est quoi le sida ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Le syndrome de l\u2019immunode\u0301ficience acquise (Sida) est donc le dernier stade de l\u2019infection par le VIH. \u00ab Il correspond au de\u0301veloppement d\u2019une ou de plusieurs maladies opportunistes chez les personnes infecte\u0301es \u00bb, de\u0301crit l\u2019Institut Pasteur. En l\u2019absence de traitement, le sida apparai\u0302t huit a\u0300 dix ans apre\u0300s la contamination. Il se caracte\u0301rise par la survenue \u00ab de certains cancers et d\u2019infections opportunistes comme la pneumocytose pulmonaire, la tuberculose, la toxoplasmose ce\u0301re\u0301brale, la candidose \u0153sophagienne, la maladie de Kaposi et les lymphomes non hodgkiniens \u00bb, indique l\u2019Inserm.<\/p>\n

Comment s\u2019en prote\u0301ger ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Le pre\u0301servatif reste a\u0300 ce jour le moyen le plus facile d\u2019acce\u0300s pour se prote\u0301ger du VIH (et des autres infections sexuellement transmissibles). En cas d\u2019exposition au virus, il existe des outils de de\u0301pistage, de l\u2019autotest disponible en pharmacie au test en laboratoire.<\/p>\n

Il y a une quinzaine d\u2019anne\u0301es, la strate\u0301gie du TasP (Treatment as prevention, le traitement comme pre\u0301vention) a fait son entre\u0301e dans l\u2019arsenal des me\u0301thodes de re\u0301duction du risque de transmission : la personne se\u0301ropositive suit un traitement qui permet de rendre la charge virale inde\u0301tectable ; elle ne peut donc plus transmettre le virus.<\/p>\n

Autre me\u0301thode, la prophylaxie pre\u0301-exposition (PrEP), \u00ab un me\u0301dicament de pre\u0301vention de l\u2019infection par le VIH particulie\u0300rement efficace lorsque sa prescription est scrupuleusement respecte\u0301e \u00bb. Elle re\u0301duit d\u2019environ 99% le risque de contracter le VIH lors de rapports sexuels, pre\u0301cise l\u2019Institut Pasteur, et d\u2019au moins 74 % celui de le contracter lors d\u2019injections de drogue.<\/p>\n

Peut-on en gue\u0301rir ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Depuis l\u2019apparition du Sida, quelques re\u0301missions ont fait la une de l\u2019actualite\u0301, comme celles des patients de Berlin, de Londres ou de Du\u0308ssseldorf. Leurs re\u0301missions durables, conside\u0301re\u0301es comme des gue\u0301risons, ont e\u0301te\u0301 obtenues a\u0300 la suite de greffes de cellules souches de moelle osseuse de donneurs porteurs d\u2019une mutation ge\u0301ne\u0301tique rare, confe\u0301rant une re\u0301sistance naturelle au VIH. Mais pour l\u2019heure, aucun traitement reproductible a\u0300 grande e\u0301chelle n\u2019a encore e\u0301te\u0301 invente\u0301 contre le virus. Co\u0302te\u0301 pre\u0301vention, un candidat vaccin formule\u0301 par l\u2019Inserm-ANRS a re\u0301cemment fait la preuve de \u00ab sa se\u0301curite\u0301 et de sa capacite\u0301 a\u0300 induire une re\u0301ponse immunitaire \u00bb lors d\u2019essais de phase 1. Des re\u0301sultats qui restent a\u0300 confirmer.<\/p>\n

A noter :<\/b> Pour connai\u0302tre le programme du Sidaction 2023 et envoyer vos dons pour aider la recherche, rendez-vous sur le site 2023.sidaction.org. Selon les chiffres de Sante\u0301 publique France, en 2021, environ 5 000 personnes vivant en France ont de\u0301couvert leur se\u0301ropositivite\u0301. Dans le monde, 38 millions de personnes vivent avec le virus. 40 millions sont mortes des suites des maladies lie\u0301es au sida depuis les anne\u0301es 1980.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Congo Kinshasa<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Congo Kinshasa. Trois jours de mobilisation les 24, 25 et 26 mars. Pour la trentie\u0300me e\u0301dition de l\u2019e\u0301ve\u0301nement, l\u2019association Sidaction l\u2019affirme : \u00ab On n\u2019a jamais e\u0301te\u0301 aussi proche de jouir d\u2019un avenir sans sida \u00bb. L\u2019occasion de rappeler l\u2019histoire de la maladie et du virus qui en est la cause, le VIH. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":59011,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,10],"tags":[36,47,46],"class_list":["post-59012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-communaute","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-congo-kinshasa","tag-congo-kinshasa"],"yoast_head":"\nSidaction 2023 : cinq questions sur le VIH\/sida - Congo-kinshasa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Trois jours de mobilisation les 24, 25 et 26 mars. 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