{"id":14899,"date":"2021-09-13T20:15:08","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T20:15:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cotedivoire\/?p=14899"},"modified":"2021-09-13T19:47:56","modified_gmt":"2021-09-13T19:47:56","slug":"cote-divoire-senegal-kenya-une-veritable-revolution-agricole-point-a-lhorizon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/cotedivoire\/economie\/cote-divoire-senegal-kenya-une-veritable-revolution-agricole-point-a-lhorizon","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, Kenya\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Une v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9volution agricole point \u00e0 l\u2019horizon\u00a0\u00bb"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – C\u00f4te d’Ivoire<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>Malgr\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019approvisionnement li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 et \u00e0 la flamb\u00e9e des prix, l\u2019analyste et ancien diplomate Pierre Jacquemot affirme que le continent a les moyens de reconqu\u00e9rir son autonomie alimentaire.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 la situation critique \u2013 avec plus de 200 millions d\u2019Africains sous-aliment\u00e9s soit environ 20% de la population \u2013, il parie sur une issue positive : tous les facteurs sont r\u00e9unis pour que l\u2019agriculture africaine amorce un tournant permettant enfin au continent d\u2019assurer son autonomie alimentaire.<\/p>\n

Telle est la conviction de Pierre Jacquemot, chercheur \u00e0 l\u2019Institut de relations internationales et strat\u00e9giques (Iris) et ancien ambassadeur de France au Kenya, au Ghana et en RDC.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir analys\u00e9 l\u2019an dernier les difficult\u00e9s de la d\u00e9mocratie africaine, d\u00e9non\u00e7ant les troisi\u00e8mes mandants et les oligarchies qui s\u2019accrochent au pouvoir (1), l\u2019ex-diplomate s\u2019att\u00e8le cette ann\u00e9e, alors que la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 a bouscul\u00e9 les canaux de distribution agricoles, \u00e0 un th\u00e8me tout aussi sensible, la souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire.<\/p>\n

Dans un rapport publi\u00e9 le 13 septembre par la Fondation Jean-Jaur\u00e8s (2), il liste les d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever pour dynamiser l\u2019agriculture et en faire un moteur de croissance et de d\u00e9veloppement. L\u2019agriculture est la grande sacrifi\u00e9e des politiques nationales et internationales<\/p>\n

Outre la hausse de la productivit\u00e9 et la structuration en fili\u00e8re, il met l\u2019accent sur l\u2019acc\u00e8s au cr\u00e9dit, l\u2019autonomisation des femmes et le r\u00f4le des \u00c9tats pour enclencher aux niveaux local et r\u00e9gional des cercles vertueux. Le plus dur reste toutefois \u00e0 faire.<\/p>\n

Jeune Afrique : Cela fait des ann\u00e9es que l\u2019on annonce la r\u00e9volution agricole africaine. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, l\u2019agriculture, largement sous-d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e, demeure le parent pauvre des investissements. Pourquoi, selon-vous, nous trouvons-nous v\u00e9ritablement \u00e0 un tournant ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Pierre Jacquemot :<\/b><\/p>\n

Il y a en effet un d\u00e9calage entre le discours et la pratique. Tous les dix ans environ, les chefs d\u2019\u00c9tat se r\u00e9unissent et affirment vouloir faire de la politique agricole une priorit\u00e9, promettant de consacrer au moins 10 % de leur budget \u00e0 l\u2019agriculture.<\/p>\n

L\u2019engagement, pris lors du sommet de l\u2019Union africaine de 2003 \u00e0 Maputo, a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9affirm\u00e9 en 2014 lors du sommet de Malabo. Or, dans les faits, l\u2019agriculture est la grande sacrifi\u00e9e des politiques nationales comme des programmes d\u2019aide multilat\u00e9rale et bilat\u00e9rale.<\/p>\n

Les femmes vont s\u2019autonomiser via la constitution de coop\u00e9ratives L\u2019explication est simple : une action dans le domaine agricole ne produit de r\u00e9sultats, au mieux, qu\u2019\u00e0 moyen terme quand le retour sur investissement dans d\u2019autres secteurs est beaucoup plus rapide.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 ce constat, il existe actuellement une combinaison de facteurs positifs qui va enclencher le n\u00e9cessaire changement de mod\u00e8le de l\u2019agriculture africaine. Outre l\u2019\u00e9lectrification rurale, les innovations technologiques et l\u2019essor du microcr\u00e9dit, trois autres ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes cl\u00e9s vont s\u2019accentuer.<\/p>\n

Il s\u2019agit de l\u2019autonomisation des femmes via la constitution de coop\u00e9ratives, du retour de jeunes urbains en milieu rural pour y d\u00e9velopper des projets, et de l\u2019\u00e9mergence d\u2019agri-entrepreneurs investissant et produisant pour les march\u00e9s urbains dans une logique de cha\u00eene de valeur.<\/p>\n

Au Cameroun, une start-up a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une plateforme qui utilise l\u2019IA pour am\u00e9liorer les rendements des cultivateurs Tout cela va dans le sens d\u2019une plus grande ma\u00eetrise de l\u2019agriculture et de l\u2019alimentation, synonyme d\u2019autonomie retrouv\u00e9e pour le continent.<\/p>\n

Ancien ambassadeur de France en RDC, Pierre Jacquemot, \u00e9galement chercheur \u00e0 l\u2019Iris et enseignant \u00e0 l\u2019IEP de Paris, affiche un optimisme certain quant au futur proche du continent. \u00a9 DR<\/p>\n

Concr\u00e8tement, quels pays montrent l\u2019exemple ?<\/b><\/p>\n

Le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal favorise depuis longtemps l\u2019organisation de groupements de femmes, qui ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 le mara\u00eechage et la transformation en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de Dakar. Il y a aussi depuis une vingtaine d\u2019ann\u00e9es une belle dynamique f\u00e9minine au Ghana et au Kenya.<\/p>\n

Les agri-entrepreneurs \u00e9mergent \u00e9videmment \u00e0 Nairobi, Abidjan et Dakar, entre autres, quand d\u2019autres d\u00e9veloppent la culture du soja et sa transformation au B\u00e9nin et au Togo, par exemple.<\/p>\n

Au Cameroun, la start-up Promagric a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une plateforme, ClinicPlant, qui utilise l\u2019intelligence artificielle pour diagnostiquer les plantes et am\u00e9liorer les rendements des cultivateurs, facilitant ainsi leur acc\u00e8s au cr\u00e9dit. Elle \u00e9tend d\u00e9sormais ses services \u00e0 la C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, au Mali et au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal. Le contexte oblige les gouvernements \u00e0 prendre ces mesures de court terme<\/p>\n

La multiplication et la convergence de ces initiatives, soutenues d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 par les \u00c9tats et, de l\u2019autre, par les consommateurs, vont engendrer de vraies r\u00e9volutions dans les domaines agricole et alimentaire, notamment au S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, en C\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, au Ghana et au Kenya. Une v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9volution agricole point \u00e0 l\u2019horizon.<\/p>\n

Pour faire advenir ce changement, l\u2019appui des \u00c9tats est crucial. En ce moment, ces derniers mettent surtout en place des mesures d\u2019urgence, comme des suspensions de taxes douani\u00e8res ou de TVA, afin de juguler la hausse des prix alimentaires. Est-ce \u00e0 la hauteur de l\u2019enjeu ?<\/b><\/p>\n

En limitant la mobilit\u00e9 des individus et en compliquant les importations et exportations, la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 a fortement perturb\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9conomie agricole africaine.<\/p>\n

Ce contexte, coupl\u00e9 \u00e0 des cours mondiaux de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res globalement \u00e0 la hausse, oblige les gouvernements, pour assurer une sortie de crise, \u00e0 prendre ces mesures de court terme. Construire des circuits courts fond\u00e9s sur les avantages comparatifs de chacun et connect\u00e9s aux centres urbains<\/p>\n

Mais cela ne doit pas les emp\u00eacher de conduire une politique de moyen terme et de r\u00e9sister aux r\u00e9flexes nationalistes, ce que n\u2019a pas su faire le Nigeria, par exemple, lorsqu\u2019il a ferm\u00e9 ses fronti\u00e8res terrestres avec le B\u00e9nin, le Niger, le Tchad et le Cameroun entre 2019 et 2020.<\/p>\n

Les \u00c9tats peuvent faire la diff\u00e9rence en fluidifiant au maximum les \u00e9changes nationaux et transfrontaliers. Cela suppose d\u2019investir dans les infrastructures de transport mais aussi de payer correctement ses services douaniers pour \u00e9viter les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements indus.<\/p>\n

C\u2019est fondamental pour construire des circuits courts locaux et r\u00e9gionaux fond\u00e9s sur les avantages comparatifs de chacun, connect\u00e9s aux centres urbains et cr\u00e9ateurs de valeur ajout\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

(1) De l\u2019\u00e9lection \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie en Afrique, \u00e9ditions de la Fondation Jean-Jaur\u00e8s, mai 2020.<\/p>\n

(2) La Reconqu\u00eate de la souverainet\u00e9 alimentaire en Afrique \u2013 \u00c9tat des lieux et propositions, \u00e9ditions de la Fondation Jean-Jaur\u00e8s, septembre 2021.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – C\u00f4te d’Ivoire. Malgr\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019approvisionnement li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 et \u00e0 la flamb\u00e9e des prix, l\u2019analyste et ancien diplomate Pierre Jacquemot affirme que le continent a les moyens de reconqu\u00e9rir son autonomie alimentaire. Malgr\u00e9 la situation critique \u2013 avec plus de 200 millions d\u2019Africains sous-aliment\u00e9s soit environ 20% de la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":14898,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,11,20,10],"tags":[56,63,29],"class_list":["post-14899","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-homepage-french","category-top-nouvelles","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-cote-divoire","tag-cote-divoire"],"yoast_head":"\nC\u00f4te d\u2019Ivoire, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, Kenya\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Une v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9volution agricole point \u00e0 l\u2019horizon\u00a0\u00bb - C\u00f4te d'Ivoire<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Malgr\u00e9 les difficult\u00e9s d\u2019approvisionnement li\u00e9es \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie de Covid-19 et \u00e0 la 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