{"id":14291,"date":"2023-06-21T14:53:42","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T14:53:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/politique\/cette-araignee-adapte-son-venin-aux-attaques-quelle-subit"},"modified":"2023-06-21T14:56:04","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T14:56:04","slug":"cette-araignee-adapte-son-venin-aux-attaques-quelle-subit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/cette-araignee-adapte-son-venin-aux-attaques-quelle-subit","title":{"rendered":"Cette araign\u00e9e adapte son venin aux attaques qu’elle subit"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. <\/strong><\/span>A chaque araigne\u0301e, son venin, adapte\u0301 a\u0300 sa proie ? Ce serait trop simple ! Des scientifiques australiens viennent en effet de de\u0301couvrir qu\u2019une espe\u0300ce, conside\u0301re\u0301e parmi les plus dangereuses au monde, serait capable de changer la composition de son venin selon les situations auxquelles elle est confronte\u0301e. C\u2019est la conclusion d\u2019une e\u0301tude mene\u0301e par le docteur Linda Hernandez Duran, a\u0300 l\u2019institut australien de sante\u0301 et de me\u0301decine tropicale de l\u2019Universite\u0301 James Cook en Australie.<\/p>\n

Une seule espe\u0300ce de mygale semble pouvoir modifier ainsi son venin<\/b><\/p>\n

Cette araigne\u0301e, Hadronyche valida, appartient a\u0300 une famille de mygales, les Atracidae, que l\u2019on ne rencontre qu\u2019en Australie. Et la capacite\u0301 a\u0300 modifier son venin semble lui e\u0302tre propre : les scientifiques l\u2019ont cherche\u0301 sans succe\u0300s chez trois espe\u0300ces proches (Hadronyche infensa, Hadronyche cerberea et Atrax robustus). \u00ab\u00a0Nous avons analyse\u0301 leur comportement et mesure\u0301 leur fre\u0301quence cardiaque par laser afin d\u2019e\u0301valuer leur activite\u0301 me\u0301tabolique, a raconte\u0301 Hernandez Duran. Nous avons ensuite collecte\u0301 leur venin et l’avons analyse\u0301 a\u0300 l’aide d’un spectrome\u0300tre de masse.\u00a0\u00bb Conclusion : seule la composition du venin de Hadronyche valida a e\u0301te\u0301 modifie\u0301e quand les scientifiques ont soumis l\u2019animal a\u0300 diffe\u0301rents stress (petites piqu\u0302res avec une pince a\u0300 e\u0301piler, souffle d\u2019air…). Chez cette espe\u0300ce \u00ab\u00a0la pre\u0301sence de certains compose\u0301s chimiques dans le venin semble de\u0301pendre de l\u2019activite\u0301 cardiaque et de la re\u0301action a\u0300 une agression\u00a0\u00bb confirme la chercheuse.<\/p>\n

Est-ce que l\u2019animal devient plus dangereux pour autant ? Trop to\u0302t pour le dire, les modifications chimiques pre\u0301cises du venin devant encore e\u0302tre pre\u0301cise\u0301es. \u00ab\u00a0Les venins sont tous diffe\u0301rents chez les diffe\u0301rentes espe\u0300ces d\u2019araigne\u0301es et me\u0302me parfois selon le sexe dans une me\u0302me espe\u0300ce, donc on ne peut pas dire qu\u2019un est plus venimeux qu\u2019un autre, pre\u0301cise a\u0300 Sciences et Avenir Christine Rollard, enseignante et chercheuse au Muse\u0301um national d\u2019Histoire naturel de Paris et auteure de pre\u0300s d\u2019une centaine de publications sur les araigne\u0301es. De plus la toxicite\u0301 peut aussi varier selon les proies.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

La strate\u0301gie de de\u0301fense n’est pas celle de l’attaque<\/b><\/p>\n

Pourtant, il n\u2019est pas e\u0301vident que cette capacite\u0301 soit une adaptation pour des attaques plus efficaces. \u00ab\u00a0Il est difficile de relier les observations des scientifiques avec le comportement des araigne\u0301es\u00a0\u00bb, de\u0301clare Christine Rollard. En effet, dans cette expe\u0301rience, on ne place les animaux qu\u2019en situation de de\u0301fense. \u00ab\u00a0Or les araigne\u0301es peuvent se de\u0301fendre avec des morsures se\u0300ches, c\u2019est-a\u0300-dire sans injecter de venin. Elle se servent principalement de leur venin pour attaquer leur proie et s\u2019en nourrir.\u00a0\u00bb En l\u2019occurrence, cette espe\u0300ce d\u2019Hadronyche se sert d\u2019un pie\u0300ge pour la capture de ses proies, une sorte de toile en nappe prolonge\u0301e par un entonnoir. L\u2019expe\u0301rience des chercheurs ne permet pas de dire si le venin est modifie\u0301 durant une ve\u0301ritable attaque.<\/p>\n

Evoluant a\u0300 la surface de la Terre depuis 300 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, les araigne\u0301es sont loin d\u2019avoir re\u0301ve\u0301le\u0301 toutes leurs adaptations e\u0301volutives comme en te\u0301moignent e\u0301galement la re\u0301cente de\u0301couverte d’espe\u0300ce qui \u00ab\u00a0entendent avec les jambes\u00a0\u00bb ou de celles qui peuvent rester plus de 30 minutes sous l’eau.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Djibouti<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. A chaque araigne\u0301e, son venin, adapte\u0301 a\u0300 sa proie ? Ce serait trop simple ! Des scientifiques australiens viennent en effet de de\u0301couvrir qu\u2019une espe\u0300ce, conside\u0301re\u0301e parmi les plus dangereuses au monde, serait capable de changer la composition de son venin selon les situations auxquelles elle est confronte\u0301e. C\u2019est la conclusion d\u2019une […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":14290,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,49,50],"class_list":["post-14291","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-djibouti","tag-djibouti"],"yoast_head":"\nCette araign\u00e9e adapte son venin aux attaques qu'elle subit - Djibouti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A chaque araigne\u0301e, son venin, adapte\u0301 a\u0300 sa proie ? Ce serait trop simple ! 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