{"id":16004,"date":"2023-07-29T12:44:14","date_gmt":"2023-07-29T12:44:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/politique\/les-deserts-champions-du-chaud-froid"},"modified":"2023-07-29T13:34:37","modified_gmt":"2023-07-29T13:34:37","slug":"les-deserts-champions-du-chaud-froid","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/les-deserts-champions-du-chaud-froid","title":{"rendered":"Les d\u00e9serts, champions du chaud-froid"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. <\/strong><\/span>80,8 \u00b0C, c’est la tempe\u0301rature de surface enregistre\u0301e en 2021 dans le de\u0301sert de Lout, en Iran. Il faut dire que ce petit enfer, comme la plupart des de\u0301serts arides, est situe\u0301 pre\u0300s d’un tropique. La dure\u0301e moyenne d’ensoleillement peut y exce\u0301der 4.000 heures par an – contre 2.858 pour Marseille.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Sans humidite\u0301 dans l’air, la chaleur rayonne\u00a0\u00bb<\/b><\/p>\n

Le jour, la couche supe\u0301rieure de sable absorbe la chaleur provenant des rayons du soleil et la renvoie dans l’air, contribuant a\u0300 le surchauffer. Les vents chauds y sont par ailleurs constants. \u00ab\u00a0La circulation atmosphe\u0301rique globale fait monter l’air a\u0300 l’e\u0301quateur et le fait redescendre, tre\u0300s sec, aux tropiques\u00a0\u00bb, pre\u0301cise Ste\u0301phane Douady, directeur de recherche au CNRS.<\/p>\n

Quand le soleil se couche, l’ambiance est nettement moins torride ! Au Kalahari, de\u0301sert subtropical d’Afrique australe, le mercure de\u0301passe les 40 \u00b0C en e\u0301te\u0301, mais peut chuter a\u0300 0 \u00b0C en hiver. Pour ce qui est de l’he\u0301misphe\u0300re Nord, dans le de\u0301sert de Gobi, entre Chine et Mongolie, le thermome\u0300tre tutoie parfois les – 40 \u00b0C en janvier.<\/p>\n

Dans le de\u0301sert, ou\u0300 les pre\u0301cipitations annuelles peuvent e\u0302tre infe\u0301rieures a\u0300 100 millime\u0300tres, pas de vapeur d’eau ! Donc pas de nuages pour conserver l’e\u0301nergie accumule\u0301e le jour. \u00ab\u00a0Sans humidite\u0301 dans l’air, la chaleur rayonne efficacement vers l’espace nocturne, ce que facilite la couleur blanche du sable\u00a0\u00bb, explique Ste\u0301phane Douady.<\/p>\n

Des de\u0301serts avec des tempe\u0301ratures plus cle\u0301mentes<\/b><\/p>\n

Mais tous les de\u0301serts ne sont pas des fournaises-glacie\u0300res ! Certains d’entre eux, proches de la mer, connaissent des tempe\u0301ratures plus cle\u0301mentes. C’est le cas a\u0300 l’extre\u0302me ouest du Sahara, le long du littoral atlantique. \u00ab\u00a0Les tempe\u0301ratures y sont beaucoup plus constantes, gra\u0302ce aux alize\u0301s qui soufflent de l’oce\u0301an un air plus humide\u00a0\u00bb, note le physicien. La\u0300-bas, on ne voit jamais passer les neiges du Sahara. Alors qu’elles surviennent parfois sur les hauteurs de l’Atlas, au Maroc et en Alge\u0301rie.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Djibouti<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. 80,8 \u00b0C, c’est la tempe\u0301rature de surface enregistre\u0301e en 2021 dans le de\u0301sert de Lout, en Iran. Il faut dire que ce petit enfer, comme la plupart des de\u0301serts arides, est situe\u0301 pre\u0300s d’un tropique. La dure\u0301e moyenne d’ensoleillement peut y exce\u0301der 4.000 heures par an – contre 2.858 pour Marseille. \u00ab\u00a0Sans […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":16003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,49,50],"class_list":["post-16004","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-djibouti","tag-djibouti"],"yoast_head":"\nLes d\u00e9serts, champions du chaud-froid - Djibouti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"80,8 \u00b0C, c'est la tempe\u0301rature de surface enregistre\u0301e en 2021 dans le de\u0301sert de Lout, en Iran. 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