{"id":41307,"date":"2025-02-08T16:44:38","date_gmt":"2025-02-08T16:44:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/politique\/le-super-uppercut-de-la-crevette-livre-ses-secrets"},"modified":"2025-02-08T16:44:38","modified_gmt":"2025-02-08T16:44:38","slug":"le-super-uppercut-de-la-crevette-livre-ses-secrets","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/le-super-uppercut-de-la-crevette-livre-ses-secrets","title":{"rendered":"Le super uppercut de la crevette livre ses secrets"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. <\/strong><\/span>Ses punchs seraient comparables a\u0300 l’impact d’une balle de revolver. Des uppercuts suffisamment puissants pour briser la coquille des mollusques que l’animal met a\u0300 son menu et pouvant me\u0302me fissurer les vitres des aquariums ou\u0300 il se trouve emprisonne\u0301 ! Ce crustace\u0301 boxeur est la squille, de l’ordre des Stomatopoda qui compte plus de 400 espe\u0300ces.<\/p>\n

Aussi nomme\u0301 crevette-mante en re\u0301fe\u0301rence a\u0300 ses pattes replie\u0301es qui e\u0301voquent la mante religieuse, le crustace\u0301 a\u0300 l’allure de langouste est un pre\u0301dateur redoutable, notamment gra\u0302ce a\u0300 ses appendices surpuissants et ultra-rapides capables d’asse\u0301ner des coups e\u0301quivalents a\u0300 mille fois son propre poids a\u0300 la vitesse de 50 microsecondes. Chez la squille multicolore (Odontodactylus scyllarus), l’une des repre\u0301sentantes les plus grandes de l’ordre pouvant mesurer jusqu’a\u0300 18 cm de long, ses pattes prennent l’apparence de mini-massues calcaires dures et lourdes.<\/p>\n

Deux lasers pour examiner la cuirasse du crustace\u0301<\/b><\/p>\n

Seulement, si les talents de pugiliste du crustace\u0301 e\u0301taient bien connus, un myste\u0300re demeurait: comment se fait-il que ces frappes titanesques ne nuisent pas en retour au crustace\u0301 ? En effet, non seulement les uppercuts de la crevette mante ge\u0301ne\u0300rent des ondes de choc sous-marines, mais l’animal est capable d’en de\u0301cocher plusieurs a\u0300 la suite sans que son propre exosquelette semble en souffrir.<\/p>\n

Pour re\u0301soudre cette e\u0301nigme, Horacio Espinosa de l’Universite\u0301 Northwestern (Evanston, Etats-Unis), Maroun Abi Ghanem, (institut Lumie\u0300re Matie\u0300re de Villeurbanne, Universite\u0301 Claude Bernard de Lyon, CNRS) et leur e\u0301quipe ont scrute\u0301 au plus pre\u0300s la structure fine des bras du crustace\u0301 et la manie\u0300re dont le son s’y propage. Ils publient leurs re\u0301sultats dans le dernier nume\u0301ro de Science.<\/p>\n

Pour leur analyse, les chercheurs ont utilise\u0301 deux lasers. \u00ab\u00a0Le premier, explique Maroun Abi Ghanem, joue le ro\u0302le d’un marteau qui frappe la structure. Celle-ci va alors s’e\u0301chauffer, se dilater, engendrant des ondes de stress, comme un mini-se\u0301isme qui parcourrait le mate\u0301riau. Un second laser de\u0301tecte ensuite et analyse, a\u0300 la manie\u0300re d’un se\u0301ismographe, la dispersion de ces ondes e\u0301mises a\u0300 tre\u0300s haute fre\u0301quence.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Une structure en forme d’he\u0301lice qui absorbe les chocs<\/b><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont ainsi pu mettre en e\u0301vidence, sur le bras-massue de la crevette, une zone de 600 microme\u0300tres capable de dissiper les ondes de choc. \u00ab\u00a0Juste derrie\u0300re le marteau, explique Maroun Abi Ghanem, se trouve en effet un arrangement Bouligand. On appelle ainsi une microstructure constitue\u0301e de mini lamelles empile\u0301es et en rotation progressive les unes par rapport aux autres, lui confe\u0301rant une forme he\u0301licoi\u0308dale, un peu comme une mole\u0301cule d’ADN.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Cette configuration particulie\u0300re agit a\u0300 la manie\u0300re d’un cristal phononique. Sa structure pe\u0301riodique modifie la propagation des ondes acoustiques et permet d’atte\u0301nuer leur intensite\u0301. Comme si le son en se diffusant dans ces multicouches perdait graduellement en force au fur et a\u0300 mesure de sa progression dans le mate\u0301riau, en se cognant a\u0300 re\u0301pe\u0301tition dans la structure en he\u0301lice.<\/p>\n

Quantite\u0301 de mate\u0301riaux bio-inspire\u0301s<\/b><\/p>\n

Un tel mate\u0301riau capable de pie\u0301ger les ondes qui l’atteignent et d’empe\u0302cher leur propagation se retrouve chez d’autres animaux. Dans les ailes de papillon, par exemple. Dans ce cas, et de manie\u0300re analogue aux ondes sonores pour la crevette-mante, la structure de l’aile sert a\u0300 absorber les ondes lumineuses et fait office de camouflage.<\/p>\n

Parmi les applications possibles pour de nouveaux mate\u0301riaux bio-inspire\u0301s, figure d’ailleurs celle d’un filtre acoustique qui permettrait de se camoufler des radars. \u00ab\u00a0Mais beaucoup d’autres sont envisageables, esquisse Maroun Abi Ghanem. Le plus e\u0301vident serait un reve\u0302tement pour se prote\u0301ger des impacts comme chez le crustace\u0301. Mais, on pourrait e\u0301galement imaginer un mate\u0301riau capable de pie\u0301ger l\u2019e\u0301nergie me\u0301canique et de la convertir en une autre forme d’e\u0301nergie.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Djibouti<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. Ses punchs seraient comparables a\u0300 l’impact d’une balle de revolver. Des uppercuts suffisamment puissants pour briser la coquille des mollusques que l’animal met a\u0300 son menu et pouvant me\u0302me fissurer les vitres des aquariums ou\u0300 il se trouve emprisonne\u0301 ! Ce crustace\u0301 boxeur est la squille, de l’ordre des Stomatopoda qui compte […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":41306,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-41307","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-djibouti"],"yoast_head":"\nLe super uppercut de la crevette livre ses secrets - Djibouti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/politique\/le-super-uppercut-de-la-crevette-livre-ses-secrets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le super uppercut de la crevette livre ses secrets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Africa-Press – Djibouti. Ses punchs seraient comparables a\u0300 l’impact d’une balle de revolver. Des uppercuts suffisamment puissants pour briser la coquille des mollusques que l’animal met a\u0300 son menu et pouvant me\u0302me fissurer les vitres des aquariums ou\u0300 il se trouve emprisonne\u0301 ! 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