{"id":49336,"date":"2025-09-13T14:28:05","date_gmt":"2025-09-13T14:28:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/politique\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus"},"modified":"2025-09-13T15:02:04","modified_gmt":"2025-09-13T15:02:04","slug":"lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus","title":{"rendered":"Lign\u00e9es Cach\u00e9es Dans L’ADN Des Mastodontes Disparus"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. <\/strong><\/span>Les mastodontes (Mammut americanum) e\u0301taient de grands mammife\u0300res qui constituaient une me\u0301gafaune dont la plupart des repre\u0301sentants (mammouths, gomphothe\u0300res, tigres a\u0300 dents de sabre…) ont disparu il y a environ 11.000 ans. En cause, des changements climatiques, la rare\u0301faction des ressources et peut-e\u0302tre la chasse excessive mene\u0301e par les premiers humains. Ces animaux, qui comptaient parmi les plus gros de leur e\u0301poque, ont occupe\u0301 une vaste partie de l\u2019Ame\u0301rique du Nord, de l\u2019Alaska jusqu\u2019au Mexique. Pourtant, ils sont encore largement me\u0301connus, mais une nouvelle e\u0301tude permet aujourd’hui de mieux comprendre leur ligne\u0301e sur le plan ge\u0301ne\u0301tique.<\/p>\n

Un mastodonte du Pacifique jusque dans l\u2019Oregon<\/b><\/p>\n

Des chercheurs emmene\u0301s par Emil Karpinski, de l’Universite\u0301 de McMaster au Canada, ont re\u0301ussi a\u0300 se\u0301quencer l\u2019ADN mitochondrial de sept spe\u0301cimens retrouve\u0301s aussi bien sur la co\u0302te Est qu\u2019en Oregon et au Mexique. Les re\u0301sultats sont publie\u0301s dans la revue Science Advances. La de\u0301couverte la plus e\u0301tonnante concerne un spe\u0301cimen trouve\u0301 dans l\u2019Oregon. Morphologiquement attribue\u0301 au mastodonte du Pacifique (Mammut pacificus), de\u0301crit comme une espe\u0300ce distincte seulement en 2019, il partage en re\u0301alite\u0301 son ADN avec un clade identifie\u0301 en Alberta, au Canada. Ce lien sugge\u0300re que l\u2019aire de M. pacificus s\u2019e\u0301tendait bien au-dela\u0300 de la Californie ou\u0300 il avait e\u0301te\u0301 cantonne\u0301 jusque-la\u0300.<\/p>\n

Encore plus intriguant: cet individu s\u2019ave\u0300re tre\u0300s e\u0301loigne\u0301 ge\u0301ne\u0301tiquement d\u2019un autre spe\u0301cimen du Mexique, connu sous le nume\u0301ro DP1296. Cette divergence est telle que, selon Emil Karpinski et ses colle\u0300gues, si l\u2019on continue a\u0300 conside\u0301rer M. pacificus comme une espe\u0300ce valide, alors les mastodontes mexicains apparente\u0301s a\u0300 DP1296 pourraient repre\u0301senter une troisie\u0300me espe\u0300ce encore non de\u0301crite. Autrement dit, le buisson e\u0301volutif des mastodontes gagne en ramifications.<\/p>\n


\nTrois vagues d\u2019expansion vers l\u2019Atlantique<\/b><\/p>\n

Les six autres spe\u0301cimens analyse\u0301s provenaient de la fac\u0327ade atlantique. La\u0300 encore, les se\u0301quences ge\u0301ne\u0301tiques racontent une histoire de de\u0301placement. Les mastodontes se sont aventure\u0301s vers le nord-est a\u0300 au moins trois reprises au cours du Ple\u0301istoce\u0300ne, lors de phases climatiques plus tempe\u0301re\u0301es. Mais chaque avance\u0301e a e\u0301te\u0301 suivie d\u2019une disparition locale avec le retour du froid. Ce va-et-vient a laisse\u0301 des ligne\u0301es distinctes dans l\u2019ADN mitochondrial, chacune correspondant a\u0300 une vague de colonisation. L\u2019un des individus, surnomme\u0301 \u00ab\u00a0Little Narrows\u00a0\u00bb, conserve me\u0302me une signature tre\u0300s ancienne, peut-e\u0302tre l\u2019une des plus anciennes ligne\u0301es jamais identifie\u0301es chez ces animaux.<\/p>\n

Ces re\u0301sultats obligent a\u0300 revoir la carte et la taxonomie des mastodontes. L\u2019espe\u0300ce ame\u0301ricaine ne constituait pas une population uniforme mais un patchwork de ligne\u0301es, avanc\u0327ant et reculant au gre\u0301 des cycles glaciaires. Le mastodonte du Pacifique, lui, voit son aire s\u2019e\u0301tendre et son identite\u0301 se brouiller avec les fossiles mexicains. Pour l\u2019instant, les chercheurs restent prudents car l\u2019ADN mitochondrial, transmis uniquement par la me\u0300re, ne raconte qu\u2019une partie de l\u2019histoire. Il faudra se\u0301quencer le ge\u0301nome complet pour savoir si ces ligne\u0301es maternelles traduisent des espe\u0300ces se\u0301pare\u0301es ou simplement des sous-populations isole\u0301es.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Djibouti<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. Les mastodontes (Mammut americanum) e\u0301taient de grands mammife\u0300res qui constituaient une me\u0301gafaune dont la plupart des repre\u0301sentants (mammouths, gomphothe\u0300res, tigres a\u0300 dents de sabre…) ont disparu il y a environ 11.000 ans. En cause, des changements climatiques, la rare\u0301faction des ressources et peut-e\u0302tre la chasse excessive mene\u0301e par les premiers humains. Ces […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":49335,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[50],"class_list":["post-49336","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-djibouti"],"yoast_head":"\nLign\u00e9es Cach\u00e9es Dans L'ADN Des Mastodontes Disparus - Djibouti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les mastodontes (Mammut americanum) e\u0301taient de grands mammife\u0300res qui constituaient une me\u0301gafaune dont la plupart des ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Lign\u00e9es Cach\u00e9es Dans L'ADN Des Mastodontes Disparus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les mastodontes (Mammut americanum) e\u0301taient de grands mammife\u0300res qui constituaient une me\u0301gafaune dont la plupart des ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Djibouti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-09-13T14:28:05+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-09-13T15:02:04+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/sites\/52\/2025\/09\/sm_1757763043.448914.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"899\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Lign\u00e9es Cach\u00e9es Dans L’ADN Des Mastodontes Disparus\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-09-13T14:28:05+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-09-13T15:02:04+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus\"},\"wordCount\":597,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/sites\/52\/2025\/09\/sm_1757763043.448914.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Djibouti\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/lignees-cachees-dans-ladn-des-mastodontes-disparus\",\"name\":\"Lign\u00e9es Cach\u00e9es Dans L'ADN Des Mastodontes Disparus - 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