{"id":7247,"date":"2022-09-26T23:00:00","date_gmt":"2022-09-26T23:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/?p=7247"},"modified":"2022-09-17T20:11:49","modified_gmt":"2022-09-17T20:11:49","slug":"on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer","title":{"rendered":"On comprend enfin comment la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique provoque le cancer"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. <\/strong><\/span>Les liens entre pollution et cancer du poumon sont connus de longue date, mais r\u00e9cemment des scientifiques anglais ont d\u00e9crypt\u00e9 une partie des m\u00e9canismes qui sous-tendent cette observation. Comment les particules fines provoquent-elles le cancer ?<\/p>\n

Les particules fines qui polluent l’atmosph\u00e8re sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des oncog\u00e8nes par l’Organisation mondiale de la Sant\u00e9, c’est-\u00e0-dire que l’exposition \u00e0 ces derni\u00e8res favorise l’apparition du cancer du poumon comme peut le faire la cigarette ou l’inhalation de produits chimiques dans le cadre professionnel. Les particules de moins de 2,5 \u00b5m de diam\u00e8tre, les PM2,5 peuvent p\u00e9n\u00e9trer au plus profond dans les poumons et ab\u00eemer les cellules pulmonaires et les transformer en cancer.<\/p>\n

Un m\u00e9canisme mal connu jusqu’\u00e0 la pr\u00e9sentation des travaux des chercheurs de l’institut Francis Crick de Londres au congr\u00e8s de l’European Society for Medical Oncology. Selon ces derniers, les PM2,5 d\u00e9clenchent l’apparition d’un cancer chez des patients porteurs de mutations dans le g\u00e8ne EGFR, un g\u00e8ne impliqu\u00e9 dans pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 des cancers du poumon chez les non-fumeurs. La publication scientifique en bonne et due forme est attendue prochainement.<\/p>\n


\nDes mutations et de l’inflammation<\/b><\/p>\n

L’exposition aux PM2,5 modifient la biologie des cellules pulmonaires mut\u00e9es sur EGFR, elles adoptent un comportement similaire \u00e0 des cellules souches canc\u00e9reuses. La pr\u00e9sence des mutations seule ne suffit pas pour provoquer le cancer ; 18 % des tissus pulmonaires sains analys\u00e9s par les scientifiques de l’Institut Francis Crick poss\u00e8dent des mutations dans le g\u00e8ne EGFR, et 33 % dans le g\u00e8ne KRAS, lui aussi impliqu\u00e9 dans le cancer.<\/p>\n

Ces deux g\u00e8nes accumulent des mutations naturellement avec l’\u00e2ge, \u00ab n\u00e9anmoins, quand les cellules pulmonaires sont expos\u00e9es aux polluants de l’air, nous observons plus de cancers et ces derniers apparaissent plus vite que quand les cellules pulmonaires ne sont pas expos\u00e9es aux polluants, ce qui sugg\u00e8re que la pollution de l’air promeut l’initiation du cancer du poumon dans les cellules mut\u00e9es \u00bb explique Charles Swanton, de l’Institut Francis Crick et chef clinicien au Cancer Research UK lors de sa pr\u00e9sentation du 10 septembre dernier.<\/p>\n

Les scientifiques ont aussi mis en \u00e9vidence l’implication de l’inflammation. Les polluants atmosph\u00e9riques sont per\u00e7us comme une menace et activent les d\u00e9fenses immunitaires dans les poumons. Des macrophages s’y infiltrent et s\u00e9cr\u00e8tent de l’IL-1\u00df, une cytokine qui acc\u00e9l\u00e8re la prolif\u00e9ration des cellules mut\u00e9es pour EGFR. De pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents r\u00e9sultats avaient montr\u00e9 qu’un traitement \u00e0 base d’anticorps anti-IL-1\u00df permet de r\u00e9duire l’incidence des cancers du poumon, soutenant l’observation faite ici.<\/p>\n

Les scientifiques ne pr\u00e9cisent pas le seuil d’exposition au-del\u00e0 duquel le risque de d\u00e9velopper un cancer du poumon augmente. De plus, il existe d’autres facteurs de risques pour cette maladie qui touche environ 45.000 Fran\u00e7ais chaque ann\u00e9e. L’\u00e9tude pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e ici ne s’est focalis\u00e9e que sur les polluants atmosph\u00e9riques. Voil\u00e0 un argument suppl\u00e9mentaire, s’il en fallait encore un, pour limiter notre utilisation des \u00e9nergies fossiles qui constituent \u00e0 la fois un probl\u00e8me de sant\u00e9 autant qu’environnemental.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Djibouti<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Djibouti. Les liens entre pollution et cancer du poumon sont connus de longue date, mais r\u00e9cemment des scientifiques anglais ont d\u00e9crypt\u00e9 une partie des m\u00e9canismes qui sous-tendent cette observation. Comment les particules fines provoquent-elles le cancer ? Les particules fines qui polluent l’atmosph\u00e8re sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des oncog\u00e8nes par l’Organisation mondiale de la […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":7246,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,11,10],"tags":[36,49,50],"class_list":["post-7247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-djibouti","tag-djibouti"],"yoast_head":"\nOn comprend enfin comment la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique provoque le cancer - Djibouti<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les liens entre pollution et cancer du poumon sont connus de longue date, mais r\u00e9cemment des scientifiques anglais ont d ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"On comprend enfin comment la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique provoque le cancer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Les liens entre pollution et cancer du poumon sont connus de longue date, mais r\u00e9cemment des scientifiques anglais ont d ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Djibouti\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-09-26T23:00:00+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/sites\/52\/2022\/09\/postQueueImg_10-632629eb88c87.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1520\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"791\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"On comprend enfin comment la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique provoque le cancer\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-09-26T23:00:00+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer\"},\"wordCount\":580,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/sites\/52\/2022\/09\/postQueueImg_10-632629eb88c87.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Djibouti\",\"Djibouti\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"homepage-french\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/djibouti\/toutes-les-actualites\/on-comprend-enfin-comment-la-pollution-atmospherique-provoque-le-cancer\",\"name\":\"On comprend enfin comment la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique provoque le cancer - 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