{"id":1283,"date":"2021-07-17T14:12:20","date_gmt":"2021-07-17T14:12:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/?p=1283"},"modified":"2021-07-17T14:43:44","modified_gmt":"2021-07-17T14:43:44","slug":"ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray","title":{"rendered":"Ethiopia’s war in the north: Who is fighting in Tigray?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Eritrea<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>Ethiopia’s war in Tigray is entering a new phase, with rebels advancing to the region’s western and southern edges and the army vowing to repel them, leaving a government-declared ceasefire in tatters.<\/p>\n

As battle lines shift and a fresh confrontation looms, here’s a look at the main actors in an eight-month conflict that has killed thousands and raised the spectre of famine:<\/p>\n

The ENDF is Ethiopia’s national military, boasting one of the largest standing armed forces in Africa, with an estimated 140,000 personnel.<\/p>\n

Its air force has fighter jets and armed drones.<\/p>\n

The ENDF has considerable battle experience. Ethiopia has fought wars with Eritrea, put down armed rebellions in its regions and confronted the Islamist militants Al-Shabaab in neighbouring Somalia.<\/p>\n

Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed sent the ENDF into Tigray on November 4 after accusing the region’s ruling party, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF), of orchestrating attacks on the army’s Northern Command.<\/p>\n

This outpost comprised more than half the military’s personnel and mechanised divisions and a number of ethnic Tigrayan officers, according to the International Crisis Group (ICG).<\/p>\n

The Tigrayans claimed the Northern Command broke with Abiy once fighting began — an allegation his office denied.<\/p>\n

The ENDF captured Tigray’s capital Mekele a few weeks later and in December had pro-TPLF forces on the run, with their leadership retreating to mountain hideouts under a barrage of drone strikes and aerial firepower.<\/p>\n

Abiy declared victory but in June the war took a dramatic turn when the rebels retook Mekele and other territory in a stunning reversal.<\/p>\n

It is unclear what casualties the ENDF has suffered in the Tigray war. The rebels claim thousands have died, but this is difficult to verify and the military has not offered estimates.<\/p>\n

The TPLF dominated the political alliance that ruled Ethiopia for nearly 30 years until anti-government protests swept Abiy to power in 2018.<\/p>\n

The TPLF chafed under Abiy and defied his rule, increasingly acting like the leaders of an independent state in the months before war began.<\/p>\n

At the outset of fighting, the TPLF commanded powerful military forces.<\/p>\n

The ICG said it had a large paramilitary force and well-trained local militia — possibly 250,000 troops total — and warned any war would be “lengthy and bloody”.<\/p>\n

They were battle-hardened, having led the struggle that toppled longtime autocrat Mengistu Hailemariam in 1991 and a border war with Eritrea that began in 1998 and left 80,000 dead before sinking into stalemate.<\/p>\n

Abiy’s government has declared the TPLF a terrorist organisation and has accused the rebels of conscripting and drugging child soldiers.<\/p>\n

In June, the rebels returned to a hero’s welcome in Mekele, parading thousands of bedraggled Ethiopian soldiers through the streets to cheers and jeers.<\/p>\n

Their leaders came down from the mountains, vowing to push onward and reclaim every inch of their pre-war territory.<\/p>\n

Tigray borders Eritrea, whose leader Isaias Afwerki is close to Abiy and a sworn enemy of the TPLF which ruled Ethiopia when both countries fought their brutal border war.<\/p>\n

For months, Addis Ababa and Asmara flatly denied the presence of Eritrean troops in Tigray, despite persistent eyewitness testimony that their forces were looting towns and raping and executing civilians.<\/p>\n

Their presence is heaviest in northern Tigray, near the border between the two nations.<\/p>\n

Eritrea’s involvement in the fighting — and credible accounts of its troops’ role in atrocities — is enraging to many Tigrayans, and even Tigray’s Abiy-appointed interim government has called for their exit.<\/p>\n

Abiy finally acknowledged their presence in March and said their departure was imminent.<\/p>\n

Yet analysts say it isn’t clear if Abiy could make them leave even if he wanted too, or whether Ethiopia could afford to lose their support.<\/p>\n

Regular and irregular combatants from Amhara, a large and populous region south of Tigray, have been a major ally of government forces since the war began.<\/p>\n

These militias occupied areas of southern Tigray and seized the region’s west, a fertile expanse stretching from the Tekeze River to the border with Sudan that ethnic Amharas consider an integral part of their homeland.<\/p>\n

Over the past eight months ethnic Amharas have been returning to western Tigray and occupying abandoned homes and farmland in a state-backed campaign the United States has described as “ethnic cleansing”.<\/p>\n

Amharas claim western Tigray was stolen from them decades ago when the TPLF ruled the country.<\/p>\n

Against this backdrop, their involvement in the conflict has fanned ethnic hostilies.<\/p>\n

This month, as the rebels have push westward in a fresh offensive, Amhara security forces and militias have mobilised en masse and shifted to “attack mode” to try and stop them.<\/p>\n

Three Ethiopian regions previously uninvolved in the war have also deployed forces to the Amhara-Tigray border to back the government and its allies.<\/p>\n

These regions — Oromia, Sidama and Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ (SNNP) — are not the only ones getting involved.<\/p>\n

AFP journalists who reached southern Tigray in December also observed special forces from the Afar region securing multiple conflict-hit areas including the village of Bisober, where shelling and shooting had killed more than 20 civilians.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Eritrea. Ethiopia’s war in Tigray is entering a new phase, with rebels advancing to the region’s western and southern edges and the army vowing to repel them, leaving a government-declared ceasefire in tatters. As battle lines shift and a fresh confrontation looms, here’s a look at the main actors in an eight-month conflict […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":1282,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,7,8,12,16],"tags":[242,243,233],"class_list":["post-1283","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-head-lines","category-homepage-english","category-policy","category-twitter","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-eritrea","tag-eritrea"],"yoast_head":"\nEthiopia's war in the north: Who is fighting in Tigray? - Eritrea<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ethiopia's war in Tigray is entering a new phase, with rebels advancing to the region's western and southern edges and t ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ethiopia's war in the north: Who is fighting in Tigray?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Ethiopia's war in Tigray is entering a new phase, with rebels advancing to the region's western and southern edges and t ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Eritrea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-07-17T14:12:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-07-17T14:43:44+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/sites\/27\/2021\/07\/img-60f2e4493d855.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"860\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"573\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"Ethiopia’s war in the north: Who is fighting in Tigray?\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-07-17T14:12:20+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-07-17T14:43:44+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray\"},\"wordCount\":861,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/sites\/27\/2021\/07\/img-60f2e4493d855.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Eritrea\",\"Eritrea\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"head lines\",\"homepage-english\",\"policy\",\"twitter\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/policy\/ethiopias-war-in-the-north-who-is-fighting-in-tigray\",\"name\":\"Ethiopia's war in the north: Who is fighting in Tigray? 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