{"id":31404,"date":"2024-06-01T19:25:11","date_gmt":"2024-06-01T19:25:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites"},"modified":"2024-06-01T21:11:27","modified_gmt":"2024-06-01T21:11:27","slug":"exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites","title":{"rendered":"Exploring Eritrea\u2019s Enchanting Underwater Heritage Sites"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Eritrea. <\/strong><\/span>Hidden beneath the seas is a massive underwater, embracing plenty of submerged archives of human history, but it is the least discovered part of the Earth. Underwater and maritime ar\u00adchaeology involves discovering and analyzing submerged mate\u00adrial culture from former societies. These underwater sites, which include shipwrecks laden with commerce and buried communi\u00adties engulfed by rising seas, pro\u00advide a unique view into human relationships with water bodies over time.<\/p>\n

Revealing the secrets of the un\u00adderwater sites is no simple task. Underwater excavation presents numerous difficulties, including severe conditions, big budget, restricted sight, and the need for specialist equipment. These dif\u00adficulties, along with the sheer size of bodies of water, make maritime archaeology one of the least studied frontiers in human history.<\/p>\n

The Red Sea is a unique marine environment. Its fascinating story begins with its young age. Com\u00adpared to other seas and oceans, it is a mere rift valley in its geologi\u00adcal infancy. This ongoing trans\u00adformation from land to seafloor enhances its vibrant ecosystems. Notably, the Red Sea boasts 3.8% of the world\u2019s coral reefs, a testa\u00adment to the unique conditions that have fostered plenty of species of marine life. These reefs, fringing the coastline for thousands of ki\u00adlometers, provide a vital habitat for the Red Sea\u2019s diverse flora and fauna.<\/p>\n

The Red Sea has over a thou\u00adsand islands, with two particu\u00adlarly significant archipelagos gracing the southern region. The Farasan Islands stand in the east along the Saudi Arabian territory while the Dahlak Archipelago, with its impressive 350-plus is\u00adlands, dominates the western waters of the Red Sea along the Eritrean territory. Eritrea borders over 1200 kilometers of this re\u00admarkable coastline.<\/p>\n

The Eritrean maritime envi\u00adronment has exceptional ma\u00adrine biodiversity and a rich un\u00adderwater cultural heritage. Its strategic location between the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean propelled the Red Sea to prominence as a vital trade route throughout history. One such an\u00adcient trade center that flourished on the Eritrean coast was the leg\u00adendary port city of Adulis, which is significant evidence of the connection ancient Eritrean soci\u00adeties had with the Red Sea.<\/p>\n

With its long coastline on the Red Sea, Eritrea holds immense potential for unlocking past se\u00adcrets. Mr. Isaias Tesfazgi, an ar\u00adcheologist at the Department of Culture in the Northern Red Sea Regional Museum, is leading the way in this intriguing field, and he and a handful of his colleagues are pioneers in the study of un\u00adderwater archaeology in Eritrea. Mr. Isaias\u2019s and his fellow col\u00adleagues\u2019 efforts mark the begin\u00adning of organized underwater and maritime archaeological discov\u00aderies in Eritrea. Mr. Isaias studied underwater diving at Massawa\u2019s internationally certified Eritre\u00adan Diving and Training Center (EDTC). He has refined his ex\u00adpertise by taking courses abroad and actively promoting Eritrea\u2019s cultural heritage through collabo\u00adrations with international part\u00adners.<\/p>\n

Recently, Mr. Isaias spent a few weeks in Turkey upgrading his skills on the UPL ship (a globally known water vehicle specifically designed for underwater excava\u00adtions). During his stay in Tur\u00adkey, Mr. Isaias took part in two underwater photography contests among dozens of participants that came from 13 countries, and he stood first in one contest and fourth in the second. His standing in the contests shows Isaias\u2019 skill and brings much-needed interna\u00adtional recognition to the burgeon\u00ading field of Eritrean underwater archaeology. His success inspires Eritrean researchers and paves the way for them to explore the hidden depths of their maritime heritage. Mr. Isaias\u2019 and his col\u00adleagues\u2019 work will unveil the fresh and untold stories hidden beneath the waves of the Eritrean Red Sea, shedding light on the rich tapestry of preexisting civi\u00adlizations.<\/p>\n

In collaboration with relevant institutions, the Northern Red Sea Museum has embarked on a critical first step in an attempt to make the vision a reality: an un\u00adderwater cultural heritage (UCH) inventory in selected areas of the Dahlak Islands and Massa\u00adwa. This initiative is crucial for identifying and documenting po\u00adtential archaeological sites, and laying the groundwork for future exploration and research. Mr. Isa\u00adias says the initial UCH inventory conducted in the Dahlak Islands and Massawa has yielded fasci\u00adnating insights into the nature of Eritrea\u2019s underwater cultural heritage. This rich tapestry en\u00adcompasses a remarkable range of submerged artifacts, offering a glimpse into various periods of Eritrean history and maritime ac\u00adtivity. This includes the hulks of ancient shipwrecks, giving traces of past trade routes and explora\u00adtion voyages. Modern cargo ships and warships lie alongside them, testaments to the ever-evolving nature of maritime commerce and conflicts along the Red Sea. Even the tools of daily life are present \u2013 fishing boats and rem\u00adnants of a bygone era\u2019s fishing practices. The inventory includes submerged airplanes, floating dry docks, and T-55 tanks. These findings hint at how humans have interacted with the Red Sea throughout history.<\/p>\n

One of the essential sites lo\u00adcated by the UCH is the legend\u00adary port city of Adulis, located just 56 kilometers southeast of Massawa. Historical accounts and potential underwater remains hint at its bustling trade connec\u00adtions, which extend to the shores of the Mediterranean (Rome and Greece), the markets of the In\u00addian Ocean (India), and the Far East (China). However, Adulis\u2019 influence waned around the 7th century AD. Then, the Dahlak Islands, an archipelago along the Eritrean coastline, emerged as a new center of commerce. Fol\u00adlowing the introduction of Islam, a new civilization flourished in Dahlak, leaving behind a legacy waiting to be rediscovered. The graveyard on Dahlak Kebir, a vast cemetery, stands as a testa\u00adment to this past era. Similarly, the presence of 365 cisterns and wells on that island reflects the ingenuity and resourcefulness of this civilization. Traces of sub\u00admerged and terrestrial structures hint at a civilized society with a deep connection to the sea. These discoveries underscore the im\u00admense potential of Eritrea\u2019s un\u00adderwater cultural heritage.<\/p>\n

Venturing further south of the Dahlak Islands, there is the Black Assarca Island, a small but signif\u00adicant player in Eritrea\u2019s underwa\u00adter cultural heritage. This island holds the remains of a shipwreck that dates to the 5th-7th century AD. The discovery, which was made in 1995, unveiled an under\u00adwater cargo with a collection of various types of amphora. These giant, often ceramic, jugs were used in ancient times to trans\u00adport goods such as oils, wine, and grain. The amphorae found at Black Assarca Island offer valu\u00adable clues about the trade routes of this era. Additionally, the dis\u00adcovery of two small iron pieces, a glass shard, and a lead steel\u00adyard counterweight paints a more complete picture of the ship\u2019s cargo and potential function.<\/p>\n

Mr. Isaias says that Eritrea\u2019s un\u00adderwater landscape is a window into ancient times and bears the scars of the 20th century. World War II left its mark in the form of numerous shipwrecks scattered throughout the Eritrean maritime environment. To avoid capture by the British, Italian forces made a desperate decision in April 1941. Many cargo and warships were deliberately sunk in the Massawa Channel and the Dahlak Islands. These scuttled vessels have be\u00adcome a unique component of Er\u00aditrea\u2019s underwater cultural heri\u00adtage. Estimates suggest that over 36 Italian and German ships were either bombed or scuttled around Massawa, the Dahlak Islands, and Assab. After securing vic\u00adtory, the British salvaged some of these vessels, repaired them, and even returned a few to service.<\/p>\n

The presence of both detonat\u00aded and unexploded bombs and World War II wrecks serves as a poignant reminder of the region\u2019s turbulent past. However, it also presents a valuable opportunity for archaeologists and historians to learn more about this pivotal period. Through careful research and exploration, these submerged vessels can offer insights into wartime strategies, naval tech\u00adnology, and even the daily lives of the sailors who once crewed on them.<\/p>\n

One particularly well-docu\u00admented shipwreck from this era is the Nazario Sauro. This im\u00adpressive vessel, stretching 130 meters long, now rests in the wa\u00adter around Dahlak Islands. The Nazario Sauro offers a thrilling experience for divers due to its sheer size and the vibrant ma\u00adrine life that has colonized its submerged form. The minimum depth to reach the wreck\u2019s mast top is a mere five meters, while the deepest point lies 40 meters below the surface. This range in depth makes the Nazario Sauro accessible to divers of varying skill levels.<\/p>\n

In 2019, a joint effort by the Northern Red Sea Museum, EDTC, and the Ministry of Ma\u00adrine Resources conducted a sur\u00advey of the Dahlak Islands\u2019 under\u00adwater cultural heritage. During this expedition, a shipwreck, the Prometio, was discovered. The well-preserved mast lies at 18 meters depth, while the bottom of the vessel rests at 37.1 meters. With a size of approximately 120 meters long and 12 meters wide, the Prometio is oriented east-west. The absence of bomb dam\u00adage suggests it may have been deliberately sunk, possibly dur\u00ading wartime.<\/p>\n

During Eritrea\u2019s Derg regime, Nakura housed a naval base with communication and station facili\u00adties. In 1990, as the regime lost control of Massawa, the Dahlak Archipelago, and the northern Eritrean coast, they scuttled nu\u00admerous vessels to prevent their capture by the Eritrean People\u2019s Liberation Front (EPLF). This included ships, T-55 tanks, a dry dock, BM-21 armored vehicles, and various armaments littering the Nakura channel. Today, the remnants of this mass scuttling are evident, with the former na\u00adval ships Nebelbal and Ras Dejen still visible above water while others lie submerged in the chan\u00adnel.<\/p>\n

Additionally, unearthed along the Red Sea coast of Eritrea on the Buri Peninsula, the stone tools found on ancient reef ter\u00adraces provide some of the earli\u00adest evidence of humans living near the coast. These tools, dat\u00ading back 125,000 years to the last warm period between ice ages, come from the Abdur Archaeo\u00adlogical Site and are located near the village of Abdur. This site, roughly 60 kilometers southeast of Massawa, reveals a fascinat\u00ading mix of hand axes, blades, and flakes likely made by early Middle Stone Age people. This discovery sheds new light on how early humans adapted to their environment and potentially migrated out of Africa.<\/p>\n

A key objective of the Northern Red Sea Museum is to pinpoint cultural heritage sites through\u00adout the region. To achieve this, the Museum collaborates with stakeholders to conduct surveys and document land-based and un\u00adderwater cultural heritage sites. Researching and conserving this UCH is crucial for understanding our maritime history and the an\u00adcient trade routes that shaped the region. Additionally, with their unique ecosystems teeming with marine life, shipwrecks are be\u00adcoming increasingly significant attractions for global tourism.<\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About Eritrea<\/a> Follow Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Eritrea. Hidden beneath the seas is a massive underwater, embracing plenty of submerged archives of human history, but it is the least discovered part of the Earth. Underwater and maritime ar\u00adchaeology involves discovering and analyzing submerged mate\u00adrial culture from former societies. These underwater sites, which include shipwrecks laden with commerce and buried communi\u00adties […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":31403,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,4],"tags":[242,243,233],"class_list":["post-31404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-culture-and-art","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-eritrea","tag-eritrea"],"yoast_head":"\nExploring Eritrea\u2019s Enchanting Underwater Heritage Sites - Eritrea<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Hidden beneath the seas is a massive underwater, embracing plenty of submerged archives of human history, but it is the ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Exploring Eritrea\u2019s Enchanting Underwater Heritage Sites\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Hidden beneath the seas is a massive underwater, embracing plenty of submerged archives of human history, but it is the ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Eritrea\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-06-01T19:25:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-06-01T21:11:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/sites\/27\/2024\/06\/sm_1717259998.748211.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"733\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"386\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"9 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"Exploring Eritrea\u2019s Enchanting Underwater Heritage Sites\",\"datePublished\":\"2024-06-01T19:25:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-06-01T21:11:27+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites\"},\"wordCount\":1817,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/sites\/27\/2024\/06\/sm_1717259998.748211.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Eritrea\",\"Eritrea\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"culture and art\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/eritrea\/all-news\/exploring-eritreas-enchanting-underwater-heritage-sites\",\"name\":\"Exploring Eritrea\u2019s Enchanting Underwater Heritage Sites - 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