{"id":2390,"date":"2025-11-22T22:55:47","date_gmt":"2025-11-22T22:55:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/fr\/home\/nigeria-debat-relance-sur-langue-denseignement"},"modified":"2025-11-23T01:44:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-23T01:44:36","slug":"nigeria-debat-relance-sur-langue-denseignement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/fr\/culture-et-art\/nigeria-debat-relance-sur-langue-denseignement","title":{"rendered":"Nigeria: De\u0301bat Relance\u0301 sur Langue D\u2019Enseignement"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa. <\/strong> <\/span>Le gouvernement nige\u0301rian a suscite\u0301 une vaste controverse en supprimant la politique d\u2019enseignement dans les langues nationales et en re\u0301tablissant l\u2019anglais comme langue officielle d\u2019instruction a\u0300 tous les niveaux scolaires.<\/p>\n

Le ministre de l\u2019E\u0301ducation, Tunji Alausa, a de\u0301clare\u0301:<\/p>\n

\u00ab L\u2019adoption des langues nationales n\u2019a pas donne\u0301 les re\u0301sultats escompte\u0301s apre\u0300s trois ans d\u2019expe\u0301rimentation ; l\u2019anglais sera de\u0301sormais la langue d\u2019enseignement au Nigeria. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Le choix du Nigeria n\u2019est pas isole\u0301: d\u2019autres pays africains ont pris des de\u0301cisions similaires. Cependant, l\u2019usage de l\u2019anglais dans l\u2019enseignement de\u0301passe le simple cadre linguistique ; il touche aux dimensions culturelle, identitaire, politique et e\u0301ducative, car il influence l\u2019identite\u0301 nationale, la souverainete\u0301 du savoir et la cohe\u0301sion sociale.<\/p>\n

La langue, socle de l\u2019identite\u0301 et de la cohe\u0301sion<\/b><\/p>\n

La langue n\u2019est pas seulement un moyen de communication, mais aussi un re\u0301servoir de me\u0301moire et de valeurs. Le Nigeria est riche de nombreuses langues locales: le haoussa, l\u2019igbo et le yoruba dominent l\u2019espace culturel, tandis que l\u2019arabe garde une pre\u0301sence spirituelle et e\u0301ducative en raison de la majorite\u0301 musulmane du pays.<\/p>\n

L\u2019introduction de l\u2019anglais sous la colonisation britannique a e\u0301tabli une hie\u0301rarchie culturelle et politique, renforc\u0327ant la de\u0301pendance et la perte progressive des repe\u0300res identitaires locaux.<\/p>\n

Les expe\u0301riences africaines montrent que l\u2019exclusion des langues nationales du syste\u0300me e\u0301ducatif conduit a\u0300 leur disparition lente, privant les peuples d\u2019une partie de leur patrimoine immate\u0301riel.<\/p>\n

Le haoussa, notamment, constitue un vecteur culturel majeur de l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest ; son retrait de l\u2019enseignement est perc\u0327u comme un recul strate\u0301gique, comparable a\u0300 ce qu\u2019auraient repre\u0301sente\u0301 la disparition du swahili en Tanzanie ou de l\u2019amharique en E\u0301thiopie.<\/p>\n

Langue et apprentissage<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019ancien ministre de l\u2019E\u0301ducation, Adamu Adamu, a critique\u0301 la de\u0301cision:<\/p>\n

\u00ab Les e\u0301le\u0300ves comprennent mieux lorsqu\u2019ils apprennent dans leur langue maternelle ; trois ans ne suffisent pas pour juger de l\u2019efficacite\u0301 d\u2019une telle re\u0301forme. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Des e\u0301ducateurs ont qualifie\u0301 la mesure de pre\u0301cipite\u0301e, soulignant que l\u2019enseignement dans la langue maternelle favorise la compre\u0301hension, la pense\u0301e critique et re\u0301duit l\u2019e\u0301chec scolaire. L\u2019abandon du programme re\u0301sulterait plus d\u2019un manque de ressources que d\u2019un e\u0301chec du mode\u0300le.<\/p>\n

Souverainete\u0301 culturelle et se\u0301curite\u0301 linguistique<\/b><\/p>\n

La politique linguistique refle\u0300te la souverainete\u0301 d\u2019un E\u0301tat et son inde\u0301pendance culturelle. Une domination totale de l\u2019anglais engendre une de\u0301pendance cognitive et limite la production de savoirs enracine\u0301s dans les re\u0301alite\u0301s locales.<\/p>\n

Les pays dote\u0301s d\u2019une langue nationale forte disposent d\u2019un atout strate\u0301gique: l\u2019unite\u0301 du discours et la stabilite\u0301 e\u0301ducative, a\u0300 l\u2019image de la Tanzanie avec le swahili ou de l\u2019E\u0301thiopie avec l\u2019amharique.<\/p>\n

Adopter le haoussa comme langue nationale principale, et l\u2019arabe et l\u2019anglais comme langues officielles secondaires, offrirait au Nigeria une identite\u0301 culturelle e\u0301quilibre\u0301e, tout en:<\/p>\n

– consolidant l\u2019unite\u0301 linguistique nationale ;<\/p>\n

– pre\u0301servant les autres langues locales ;<\/p>\n

– renforc\u0327ant l\u2019influence re\u0301gionale du Nigeria en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest.<\/p>\n

Le ve\u0301ritable de\u0301fi du Nigeria est de\u0301sormais de prote\u0301ger son identite\u0301 et sa souverainete\u0301 culturelle a\u0300 travers une politique linguistique qui valorise ses racines, tout en assurant son rayonnement africain et mondial.<\/p>\n

Retrouvez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s et d\u2019analyses sur l\u2019Afrique<\/span> sur le site Africa Press<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa. Le gouvernement nige\u0301rian a suscite\u0301 une vaste controverse en supprimant la politique d\u2019enseignement dans les langues nationales et en re\u0301tablissant l\u2019anglais comme langue officielle d\u2019instruction a\u0300 tous les niveaux scolaires. Le ministre de l\u2019E\u0301ducation, Tunji Alausa, a de\u0301clare\u0301: \u00ab L\u2019adoption des langues nationales n\u2019a pas donne\u0301 les re\u0301sultats escompte\u0301s apre\u0300s trois ans d\u2019expe\u0301rimentation ; […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":2389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[78],"tags":[240],"class_list":["post-2390","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-et-art","tag-lafrique"],"yoast_head":"\nNigeria: De\u0301bat Relance\u0301 sur Langue D\u2019Enseignement - Africa Press France<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"-article-header-tag"> Africa. 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