Africa-Press. <\/strong> <\/span>Alors que les Re\u0301unions de printemps du Fonds mone\u0301taire international (FMI) viennent de s\u2019achever a\u0300 Washington, une re\u0301alite\u0301 s\u2019impose: les re\u0301percussions de la crise au Moyen-Orient continuent de fragiliser les e\u0301conomies les plus vulne\u0301rables, en particulier en Afrique.<\/b><\/p>\nDerrie\u0300re les tensions ge\u0301opolitiques, ce sont des effets e\u0301conomiques bien concrets qui se font sentir dans les pays a\u0300 faible revenu. Hausse des prix, pressions sur les finances publiques, ralentissement des flux financiers: le choc est multiple et profond.<\/p>\n
Parmi les premiers impacts observe\u0301s figurent l\u2019augmentation rapide et massive des prix des denre\u0301es alimentaires, de l\u2019e\u0301nergie et des engrais. Cette inflation ge\u0301ne\u0301ralise\u0301e pe\u0300se lourdement sur des e\u0301conomies de\u0301ja\u0300 fragiles.<\/p>\n
A\u0300 cela s\u2019ajoutent des cou\u0302ts de transport en hausse, une baisse des recettes lie\u0301es au tourisme et aux transferts de fonds, ainsi qu\u2019un durcissement des conditions de financement. Pour les pays ayant acce\u0300s aux marche\u0301s internationaux, les e\u0301carts de taux se creusent, tandis que les monnaies subissent des pressions accrues.<\/p>\n
Re\u0301sultat: de nombreux pays africains font face a\u0300 de fortes tensions sur leur balance des paiements, dans un contexte ou\u0300 les marges de man\u0153uvre budge\u0301taires sont limite\u0301es, voire inexistantes.<\/p>\n
Impact ine\u0301gal selon les profils e\u0301conomiques<\/b><\/p>\n
Si la crise est mondiale, ses effets ne sont pas uniformes. Certains pays africains exportateurs de pe\u0301trole ou de minerais strate\u0301giques pourraient, en the\u0301orie, tirer parti de la hausse des prix des matie\u0300res premie\u0300res. Mais la re\u0301alite\u0301 est plus nuance\u0301e.<\/p>\n
Me\u0302me ces e\u0301conomies subissent les effets de l\u2019inflation globale. Certaines importent du pe\u0301trole raffine\u0301, ce qui les expose directement a\u0300 la hausse des prix. D\u2019autres sont durement touche\u0301es par la flambe\u0301e des cou\u0302ts des engrais, un facteur cle\u0301 pour des e\u0301conomies ou\u0300 l\u2019agriculture reste dominante.<\/p>\n
Un chiffre illustre cette vulne\u0301rabilite\u0301: dans les pays a\u0300 faible revenu, 43 % des de\u0301penses des me\u0301nages sont consacre\u0301es a\u0300 l\u2019alimentation, contre 25 % dans les e\u0301conomies e\u0301mergentes et seulement 12 % dans les pays avance\u0301s. Toute hausse des prix alimentaires y a donc un impact disproportionne\u0301.<\/p>\n
Tourisme et connectivite\u0301 ae\u0301rienne en recul<\/b><\/p>\n
Autre secteur affecte\u0301: le tourisme. Plusieurs e\u0301conomies africaines de\u0301pendent fortement des flux touristiques internationaux, notamment via les hubs du Golfe comme Dubai\u0308 ou Doha.<\/p>\n
La re\u0301duction des liaisons et des flux de voyageurs entrai\u0302ne une baisse des recettes touristiques, aggravant encore les difficulte\u0301s e\u0301conomiques.<\/p>\n
Des marges de man\u0153uvre limite\u0301es pour les E\u0301tats<\/b><\/p>\n
Face a\u0300 cette situation, les options des gouvernements africains restent contraintes. Le principal de\u0301fi consiste a\u0300 re\u0301pondre a\u0300 la crise sans compromettre la soutenabilite\u0301 des finances publiques.<\/p>\n
Les pays sont appele\u0301s a\u0300 e\u0301viter des engagements budge\u0301taires excessifs et a\u0300 privile\u0301gier des mesures cible\u0301es. Dans bien des cas, les re\u0301ponses doivent e\u0302tre neutres sur le plan budge\u0301taire, reposant sur une re\u0301allocation des ressources existantes.<\/p>\n
L\u2019enjeu est double: prote\u0301ger les populations les plus vulne\u0301rables tout en pre\u0301servant les priorite\u0301s de de\u0301veloppement a\u0300 long terme.<\/p>\n
Equation de\u0301licate pour l\u2019Afrique<\/b><\/p>\n
Entre inflation importe\u0301e, de\u0301pendance aux marche\u0301s internationaux et fragilite\u0301 structurelle, les e\u0301conomies africaines se retrouvent en premie\u0300re ligne face a\u0300 une crise dont elles ne sont pas a\u0300 l\u2019origine.<\/p>\n
Dans ce contexte, la capacite\u0301 d\u2019adaptation des E\u0301tats et le soutien des institutions internationales seront de\u0301terminants pour e\u0301viter un approfondissement des de\u0301se\u0301quilibres e\u0301conomiques et sociaux sur le continent.<\/p>\n
Source: Africanews<\/b><\/p>\n
Retrouvez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s et d\u2019analyses sur l\u2019Afrique<\/span> sur le site Africa Press<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"By Bridget UGWE Africa-Press. Alors que les Re\u0301unions de printemps du Fonds mone\u0301taire international (FMI) viennent de s\u2019achever a\u0300 Washington, une re\u0301alite\u0301 s\u2019impose: les re\u0301percussions de la crise au Moyen-Orient continuent de fragiliser les e\u0301conomies les plus vulne\u0301rables, en particulier en Afrique. Derrie\u0300re les tensions ge\u0301opolitiques, ce sont des effets e\u0301conomiques bien concrets qui se […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":5071,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[1175,1176,321,253,240],"class_list":["post-5073","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-afrique-sub-saharienne","tag-conflit-israel-iran","tag-fmi","tag-inflation","tag-lafrique"],"yoast_head":"\n
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