{"id":5098,"date":"2026-04-30T19:57:59","date_gmt":"2026-04-30T19:57:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/fr\/home\/le-groupe-boko-haram-reimpose%e2%80%90t%e2%80%90il-sa-presence-au-nigeria"},"modified":"2026-04-30T23:59:11","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T23:59:11","slug":"le-groupe-boko-haram-reimpose%e2%80%90t%e2%80%90il-sa-presence-au-nigeria","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/fr\/articles\/le-groupe-boko-haram-reimpose%e2%80%90t%e2%80%90il-sa-presence-au-nigeria","title":{"rendered":"Le Groupe Boko Haram Re\u0301impose\u2010t\u2010il Sa Pre\u0301sence au Nigeria?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press. <\/strong> <\/span>Une vague d’attentats-suicides a ravive\u0301 le spectre de la guerre ouverte a\u0300 Maiduguri, la capitale de l’E\u0301tat de Borno dans le nord-est du Nigeria, apre\u0300s des anne\u0301es de calme relatif qui en avait fait un symbole du recul de l’influence de Boko Haram dans son bastion historique.<\/p>\n

Les trois attaques simultane\u0301es qui ont frappe\u0301 la ville en mars dernier, faisant 23 morts et plus d’une centaine de blesse\u0301s, selon un communique\u0301 de la police locale, marquent un tournant qui remet les groupes arme\u0301s du bassin du lac Tchad au premier plan de la sce\u0300ne se\u0301curitaire africaine, alors que des attaques de plus petite envergure se poursuivent dans les zones rurales environnantes et que les avertissements officiels sur la re\u0301pe\u0301tition du sce\u0301nario se multiplient.<\/p>\n

Aucune entite\u0301 n’a revendique\u0301 les ope\u0301rations qui ont frappe\u0301 les environs de l’ho\u0302pital universitaire, du marche\u0301 central et de la zone du bureau de poste, selon une source locale, mais l’arme\u0301e nige\u0301riane les a qualifie\u0301es de tentatives coordonne\u0301es par des combattants soupc\u0327onne\u0301s d’appartenir a\u0300 Boko Haram, visant a\u0300 infliger de lourdes pertes humaines.<\/p>\n

Guerre des factions et de\u0301se\u0301quilibre des forces<\/b><\/p>\n

Maiduguri a longtemps e\u0301te\u0301 conside\u0301re\u0301e comme une “oasis de calme relatif” apre\u0300s des anne\u0301es de pic de violence au milieu de la dernie\u0300re de\u0301cennie, le dernier grand attentat sur la ville remontant a\u0300 2021, lorsque des combattants de Boko Haram ont tire\u0301 des obus de mortier, tuant dix personnes, selon une source locale.<\/p>\n

Cependant, de\u0301cembre 2025 a marque\u0301 le de\u0301but de la rupture de ce calme, lorsqu’une explosion – non revendique\u0301e par une entite\u0301 connue – a cible\u0301 l’une des mosque\u0301es de la ville, faisant au moins sept morts, selon la me\u0302me source. Les donne\u0301es de l’organisation ame\u0301ricaine ACLED sur les conflits classent les attaques de mars dans la cate\u0301gorie de la cinquie\u0300me vague d’attentats-suicides depuis le de\u0301but de 2026.<\/p>\n

Pour comprendre le retour des attentats-suicides pre\u0301cise\u0301ment a\u0300 ce moment, il est ne\u0301cessaire de revenir a\u0300 la scission qui a divise\u0301 le mouvement “djihadiste” dans le bassin du lac Tchad en 2016 en deux factions: “le groupe des gens de la sunna pour la pre\u0301dication et le djihad” connu sous le nom de Boko Haram, dirige\u0301 par Abubakar Shekau, et “l’organisation de la province de l’Afrique de l’Ouest” affilie\u0301e a\u0300 l’E\u0301tat islamique.<\/p>\n

Selon une analyse d’un groupe de crise international, les deux factions ont construit des mode\u0300les de gouvernance contradictoires: un mode\u0300le bureaucratique plus discipline\u0301 qui e\u0301vite de cibler les musulmans non-combattants chez l’organisation de la province de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, contre un mode\u0300le offensif violent qui ne fait pas de distinction entre les civils chez Boko Haram.<\/p>\n

Depuis la mort de Shekau en mai 2021 lors d’une attaque mene\u0301e par l’organisation de la province de l’Afrique de l’Ouest dans la fore\u0302t de Sambisa, cette dernie\u0300re semblait renforcer sa domination. Cependant, l’e\u0301quation a bascule\u0301 entre le 5 et le 8 novembre 2025, lorsque des combattants de Boko Haram – selon la documentation d’un magazine spe\u0301cialise\u0301 dans les affaires militaires africaines – ont mene\u0301 une invasion maritime sur les bases de l’organisation de la province de l’Afrique de l’Ouest dans les i\u0302les du lac Tchad, faisant pre\u0300s de deux cents morts parmi ses membres.<\/p>\n

Dans ce contexte, les analystes interpre\u0300tent le retour des attentats-suicides dans les centres urbains. Alors que l’aile issue de Shekau, dirige\u0301e aujourd’hui par Ibrahim Bakura Doro selon un document de recherche d’un institut allemand des affaires internationales et de se\u0301curite\u0301, est reste\u0301e incapable de re\u0301aliser une perce\u0301e civile dans les grandes villes ou\u0300 l’arme\u0301e nige\u0301riane me\u0300ne sa campagne dans le cadre de l’ope\u0301ration Hadin Kai.<\/p>\n

Dans une analyse publie\u0301e par une plateforme spe\u0301cialise\u0301e, des experts de\u0301crivent les re\u0301centes attaques comme des “actes de de\u0301sespoir” de la part de Boko Haram pour prouver sa continuite\u0301 face a\u0300 un concurrent qui le surpasse structurellement et organisationnellement.<\/p>\n

L’analyste Confidence Mkahari d’un centre de renseignement a de\u0301clare\u0301 dans une interview que l’arme\u0301e s’est concentre\u0301e ces derniers mois sur la traque de l’organisation de la province de l’Afrique de l’Ouest, permettant ainsi aux cellules de Boko Haram dans les environs de Maiduguri de se repositionner, ajoutant que la ville est reste\u0301e vulne\u0301rable malgre\u0301 le calme apparent, car les attaques dans les zones rurales environnantes n’ont jamais cesse\u0301.<\/p>\n

Une dimension re\u0301gionale a\u0300 ne pas ne\u0301gliger<\/b><\/p>\n

Ces de\u0301veloppements interviennent alors que Washington a commence\u0301 a\u0300 de\u0301ployer environ 200 soldats au Nigeria en fe\u0301vrier 2026 pour fournir un soutien technique et de formation aux forces locales. Ils coi\u0308ncident e\u0301galement avec des rapports indiquant que l’organisation de la province de l’Afrique de l’Ouest utilise des techniques avance\u0301es, y compris l’intelligence artificielle et des drones, dans ses ope\u0301rations me\u0301diatiques et militaires.<\/p>\n

Il semble que l’e\u0301quation dans le bassin du lac Tchad ne repose plus sur “un E\u0301tat contre une organisation”, mais sur trois parties qui se disputent le contro\u0302le de l’espace, des ressources et de la le\u0301gitimite\u0301 locale. Dans cette compe\u0301tition triangulaire, les civils a\u0300 Maiduguri et dans ses villages environnants restent le maillon le plus faible, payant le prix des tactiques qui refont surface chaque fois que l’e\u0301quilibre des forces est rompu.<\/p>\n

Retrouvez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s et d\u2019analyses sur l\u2019Afrique<\/span> sur le site Africa Press<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press. Une vague d’attentats-suicides a ravive\u0301 le spectre de la guerre ouverte a\u0300 Maiduguri, la capitale de l’E\u0301tat de Borno dans le nord-est du Nigeria, apre\u0300s des anne\u0301es de calme relatif qui en avait fait un symbole du recul de l’influence de Boko Haram dans son bastion historique. Les trois attaques simultane\u0301es qui ont frappe\u0301 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":5097,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[240],"class_list":["post-5098","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","tag-lafrique"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Groupe Boko Haram Re\u0301impose\u2010t\u2010il Sa Pre\u0301sence au Nigeria? - Africa Press France<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"-article-header-tag"> Africa-Press. 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