{"id":37878,"date":"2024-04-30T22:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-30T22:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/gabon\/?p=37878"},"modified":"2024-04-30T20:48:59","modified_gmt":"2024-04-30T20:48:59","slug":"deux-satellites-obsoletes-russe-et-americain-tres-proches-dune-collision-fatale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/gabon\/toutes-les-actualites\/deux-satellites-obsoletes-russe-et-americain-tres-proches-dune-collision-fatale","title":{"rendered":"Deux satellites obsol\u00e8tes russe et am\u00e9ricain tr\u00e8s proches d\u2019une collision fatale"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Gabon. <\/strong><\/span>Il y a quelques mois, l\u2019Agence Spatiale ame\u0301ricaine (NASA) rapportait un incident entre deux anciens satellites. Les deux engins se sont effectivement croise\u0301s de tre\u0300s pre\u0300s, e\u0301vitant de justesse la collision. Toutefois, si la NASA avait initialement e\u0301voque\u0301 une distance de vingt me\u0300tres, cet e\u0301cart e\u0301tait en re\u0301alite\u0301 bien plus faible.<\/b>
\nUne catastrophe entre deux satellites e\u0301vite\u0301e de peu<\/b><\/p>\n

A\u0300 la fin du mois de fe\u0301vrier 2024, la NASA communiquait sur un incident impliquant deux anciens satellites qui se seraient croise\u0301s a\u0300 une distance de vingt me\u0300tres seulement. Pourtant, des analyses comple\u0301mentaires ont permis d\u2019affirmer que cette distance e\u0301tait en re\u0301alite\u0301 beaucoup plus re\u0301duite, selon un article publie\u0301 par Space.com le 20 avril 2024. Le me\u0301dia a en effet relaye\u0301 une de\u0301claration de Pamela Melroy, l\u2019administratrice adjointe de la NASA. Elle a pre\u0301cise\u0301 que l\u2019e\u0301cart entre les deux engins e\u0301tait de moins d\u2019une dizaine de me\u0300tres. La catastrophe a donc e\u0301te\u0301 e\u0301vite\u0301e de justesse.<\/p>\n

Le premier engin est le Kosmos-2221, un satellite de surveillance militaire russe en orbite depuis 1992. Le second porte le nom de TIMED (voir image principale), un satellite ame\u0301ricain place\u0301 en orbite en 2001 dont la mission e\u0301tait d\u2019analyser une partie de l\u2019atmosphe\u0300re terrestre. Or, les deux satellites ayant termine\u0301 leurs missions respectives, ils sont a\u0300 pre\u0301sent en errance, car il est impossible de les diriger. Les observateurs se sont ainsi contente\u0301s par de\u0301faut de surveiller les donne\u0301es, tout en espe\u0301rant ne pas assister a\u0300 une collision.<\/p>\n

De\u0301bris spatiaux: le proble\u0300me reste entier<\/b><\/p>\n

Il faut dire que si les deux engins n\u2019ont aujourd\u2019hui plus aucun inte\u0301re\u0302t, toute collision serait catastrophique. En effet, un accident de ce type pourrait ge\u0301ne\u0301rer des centaines, voire des milliers de nouveaux de\u0301bris spatiaux. Ces derniers, dont la taille est tre\u0300s variable, se de\u0301placent en orbite a\u0300 des dizaines de milliers de km\/h, faisant planer un se\u0301rieux danger sur les autres satellites en activite\u0301, la Station Spatiale internationale (ISS) ou encore les futures missions spatiales habite\u0301es. Re\u0301gulie\u0300rement, l\u2019ISS doit d\u2019ailleurs re\u0301aliser des man\u0153uvres afin d\u2019e\u0301viter certains de\u0301bris juge\u0301s tre\u0300s dangereux.<\/p>\n

Pre\u0301sents depuis les anne\u0301es 1990, les de\u0301bris spatiaux ont vu leur concentration augmenter drastiquement au fil du temps, notamment en raison de la multiplication du nombre de satellites en orbite. Rappelons tout de me\u0302me qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, pas moins de 36 000 de\u0301bris de plus d\u2019une dizaine de centime\u0300tres tourneraient autour de notre plane\u0300te.<\/p>\n

Depuis quelque temps, le proble\u0300me est pris tre\u0300s au se\u0301rieux. De nombreux projets de nettoyage des de\u0301chets sont ainsi a\u0300 l\u2019e\u0301tude, notamment un canon laser ou encore un genre de pince a\u0300 la \u00ab Pac-Man \u00bb. Certaines autorite\u0301s commencent par ailleurs a\u0300 se\u0301vir, comme la Federal Communications Commission (FCC) aux E\u0301tats-Unis. En fin d\u2019anne\u0301e 2023, elle a inflige\u0301 une amende de 150 000 dollars a\u0300 la socie\u0301te\u0301 DISH (te\u0301le\u0301vision par satellite) pour ne pas avoir de\u0301sorbite\u0301 en toute se\u0301curite\u0301 son satellite EchoStar-7. Il s\u2019agissait alors d\u2019une grande premie\u0300re.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Gabon<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Gabon. Il y a quelques mois, l\u2019Agence Spatiale ame\u0301ricaine (NASA) rapportait un incident entre deux anciens satellites. Les deux engins se sont effectivement croise\u0301s de tre\u0300s pre\u0300s, e\u0301vitant de justesse la collision. Toutefois, si la NASA avait initialement e\u0301voque\u0301 une distance de vingt me\u0300tres, cet e\u0301cart e\u0301tait en re\u0301alite\u0301 bien plus faible. Une […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":37877,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-37878","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-gabon","tag-gabon"],"yoast_head":"\nDeux satellites obsol\u00e8tes russe et am\u00e9ricain tr\u00e8s proches d\u2019une collision fatale - Gabon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Il y a quelques mois, l\u2019Agence Spatiale ame\u0301ricaine (NASA) rapportait un incident entre deux anciens satellites. 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