{"id":77334,"date":"2026-03-23T00:12:26","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T00:12:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/gabon\/politique\/une-vie-possible-dans-lombre-radioactive-deurope"},"modified":"2026-04-18T09:10:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-18T09:10:07","slug":"une-vie-possible-dans-lombre-radioactive-deurope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/gabon\/toutes-les-actualites\/une-vie-possible-dans-lombre-radioactive-deurope","title":{"rendered":"Une vie possible dans l’ombre radioactive d’Europe"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Gabon. <\/strong> <\/span>ERRATUM.<\/b> Dans la premie\u0300re publication de cet article, il e\u0301tait indique\u0301 a\u0300 tort qu\u2019Europe e\u0301tait la plus grosse lune de Jupiter. Cette erreur a e\u0301te\u0301 corrige\u0301e le 16 mars 2026. Cet article est extrait du mensuel Sciences et Avenir n\u00b0 949, date\u0301 de mars 2026.<\/p>\n

Lune de Jupiter, Europe fascine les scientifiques depuis des de\u0301cennies. Sous sa crou\u0302te de glace, Europe rece\u0300le en effet un gigantesque re\u0301servoir d’eau liquide et sale\u0301e deux fois plus volumineux que la totalite\u0301 des oce\u0301ans terrestres – ide\u0301al, potentiellement, pour abriter la vie. Des mesures re\u0301alise\u0301es en 2024 par la sonde ame\u0301ricaine Juno ont cependant douche\u0301 cet espoir.<\/p>\n

Elles indiquent que l’enveloppe glace\u0301e est bien plus e\u0301paisse que pre\u0301vu (jusqu’a\u0300 35 kilome\u0300tres) ; la chaleur interne d’Europe susceptible d’alimenter une forme de vie e\u0301tant de ce fait conside\u0301rablement amoindrie. Cette lune serait-elle donc, tout compte fait, un astre \u00ab\u00a0mort\u00a0\u00bb? Certainement pas, estiment des plane\u0301tologues du centre de vol spatial Goddard de la Nasa.<\/p>\n

Ils viennent de montrer, lors du congre\u0300s de l’Union ame\u0301ricaine de ge\u0301ophysique, qu’une vie microbienne pourrait s’e\u0301panouir dans l’oce\u0301an souterrain d’Europe… gra\u0302ce a\u0300 l’e\u0301nergie fournie par des e\u0301le\u0301ments radioactifs !<\/p>\n

Des espe\u0300ces chimiques tre\u0300s re\u0301actives<\/b><\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont tout d’abord estime\u0301 la quantite\u0301 d’isotopes radioactifs – uranium 235, uranium 238 et potassium 40 – pre\u0301sents dans les roches d’Europe en exploitant les donne\u0301es terrestres, ainsi qu’une varie\u0301te\u0301 d’observations sur les lunes du Syste\u0300me solaire. Ces roches sont en contact avec le fond de l’oce\u0301an.<\/p>\n

Elles libe\u0300rent ainsi, par dissolution dans l’eau liquide, des e\u0301le\u0301ments radioactifs qui, en se de\u0301sinte\u0301grant peu a\u0300 peu sur de longues pe\u0301riodes (la demi-vie du potassium 40 est de 1,2 milliard d’anne\u0301es), de\u0301composent les mole\u0301cules d’eau en ions oxyge\u0300ne et hydroge\u0300ne. Or, ces espe\u0300ces chimiques, tre\u0300s re\u0301actives, pourraient servir a\u0300 alimenter un me\u0301tabolisme microbien, me\u0302me en l’absence totale de lumie\u0300re, comme on l’observe sur Terre dans les fonds oce\u0301aniques profonds. Selon les calculs des plane\u0301tologues, cette source d’e\u0301nergie pourrait produire dans l’oce\u0301an d’Europe une biomasse de plusieurs millions de milliards de milliards de cellules… l’e\u0301quivalent de milliers de baleines bleues !<\/p>\n

Leur the\u0301orie pourra e\u0302tre teste\u0301e dans les anne\u0301es qui viennent, certains parame\u0300tres tout du moins. \u00ab\u00a0La de\u0301sinte\u0301gration radioactive du potassium 40 engendre en effet diffe\u0301rents isotopes, dont le calcium 40 \u00ab\u00a0, pre\u0301cisent les auteurs. Un e\u0301le\u0301ment que la mission de la Nasa Europa Clipper, lance\u0301e en 2024, sera capable de de\u0301tecter lorsqu’elle effectuera une quarantaine de survols d’Europe au de\u0301but des anne\u0301es 2030. Mais \u00ab\u00a0ce n’est pas uniquement sur Europe qu’un tel me\u0301canisme pourrait fonctionner \u00ab\u00a0, anticipent les chercheurs. Il pourrait ensemencer \u00ab\u00a0d’autres lunes-oce\u0301ans du Syste\u0300me solaire comme Ganyme\u0300de, Jupiter, Titan ou les satellites d’Uranus \u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n

Retrouvez plus d\u2019actualit\u00e9s et d\u2019analyses sur Gabon<\/span> sur le site Africa Press<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Gabon. ERRATUM. Dans la premie\u0300re publication de cet article, il e\u0301tait indique\u0301 a\u0300 tort qu\u2019Europe e\u0301tait la plus grosse lune de Jupiter. Cette erreur a e\u0301te\u0301 corrige\u0301e le 16 mars 2026. Cet article est extrait du mensuel Sciences et Avenir n\u00b0 949, date\u0301 de mars 2026. Lune de Jupiter, Europe fascine les scientifiques […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":77333,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[49],"class_list":["post-77334","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-gabon"],"yoast_head":"\nUne vie possible dans l'ombre radioactive d'Europe - Gabon<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"-article-header-tag"> Africa-Press - Gabon. ERRATUM. 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