{"id":37387,"date":"2023-06-19T15:31:09","date_gmt":"2023-06-19T15:31:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/gambia\/uncategorized\/open-letter-to-the-national-assembly-suggestions-recommendations-on-the-pending-anti-corruption-bill"},"modified":"2023-06-19T15:53:28","modified_gmt":"2023-06-19T15:53:28","slug":"open-letter-to-the-national-assembly-suggestions-recommendations-on-the-pending-anti-corruption-bill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/gambia\/all-news\/open-letter-to-the-national-assembly-suggestions-recommendations-on-the-pending-anti-corruption-bill","title":{"rendered":"Open Letter To The National Assembly: Suggestions & Recommendations On The Pending Anti-Corruption Bill"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Gambia. <\/strong><\/span>The most important institution that should nurture and protect our nascent democracy is National Assembly (\u201cNA\u201d). Yet, the institution failed to attract talent or is considered irrelevant. But suppose the country is to learn anything during the past six years. In that case, NA can set the country\u2019s trajectory, ensure efficient oversight, and require excellent service delivery because they control the country\u2019s purse. <\/b><\/p>\n

As NA deliberates and considers the Anti-Corruption Bill for enactment, citizens exert pressure on their NAMs to pass the legislation, and watching the debate on the Assembly floor was no fun. You can observe lawmakers visibly frustrated as they go back and forth with the sections and clauses. Frankly speaking, they find it hard to comprehend the bill or what it intends to proscribe. And considering most of the lawmakers do not have a legal background or adequate experience in legislation, arguably,the bill was over their heads. Notable among their fear or frustration is that the legislation may significantly legislate against the genuine Gambian culture of giving, supporting, and tradition. Rather than criticizing the shortcomings of the NAMs, it is imperative that we also offer natural and humble solutions or recommendations that the NA can consider during their sitting\u2014the reason for this piece.<\/p>\n

Some of the questions raised during the debate with the Attorney General (\u201cAG\u201d) are:<\/p>\n

\u2022 Whether the phrase \u201cany other person,\u201d in section 19(1)(a),refers to an act between private citizens or to conduct such as giving to griots or hardworking traffic officers.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Limiting the maximum fine to a million could cause loss to the state if the corruption involved is threefold the maximum.<\/p>\n

\u2022 Should NA set a minimum fine when acts of corruption come in varying degrees?<\/p>\n

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\u2022 And if it would be prudent to leave punishment open and trust the judiciary to do the right thing.<\/p>\n

Instead of getting into the interpretation of 19(1)(a), I think the problem with the phrase is the result of the \u201ccopy and paste\u201d syndrome. As such, I strongly caution NA not to remove the word but fix it. As written, the section states:<\/p>\n

(1) A person who-<\/p>\n

(a) asks for, receives, or obtains any property or benefit of any kind, directly or indirectly, for himself or herself or [for] any other person;<\/p>\n

Inserting the word \u201cfor,\u201d as done under paragraph (b) of the same section, would resolve the issue. As the heading suggests, the section punishes illegal official gratuities. Period. Adding the word \u201cfor\u201d would mean that a would-be Defendant can still be prosecuted for receiving benefits on behalf of a third person.<\/p>\n

Suggestions and Recommendations.<\/p>\n

First, lawmakers should be trained in or familiarized with the country\u2019s jurisprudence. This foundation would help them in drafting laws. For instance, if lawmakers know about the four rules of statutory interpretation, they will endeavor to ensure that legislative intent is clear even under the literal rule.<\/p>\n

Second, although the bill addresses bribery in the private sector, the goal here should focus on public corruption. I think NA should revisit sections 19 and 20 before passing. The sections should address bribery of public officials and witnesses. For example, NA should divide section 19 into two subparts. Subpart 1 should address the giving and receiving bribes, while the other addresses illegal official \u201cgratuity.\u201d<\/p>\n

As to the first part\u2014giving or receiving bribes\u2014the law should proscribe the conduct of the giver and receiver. For the giver, NA should require the AG to show that something of value was corruptly given, offered, or promised, directly or indirectly, to a public official. And for the recipient, NA should require the AGto show that something of value was corruptly demanded, sought, received, accepted, or agreed to be received or accepted by a public official. While NAMs raised legitimate concerns regarding the unintentional legislation of the Gambian culture, the intent required for the giver should be the intent \u201cto influence any official act.\u201d In contrast, the intent that should be necessary for the recipient is the intent to be \u201cinfluenced in the performance of any official act.\u201d<\/p>\n

For the second part\u2014illegal gifts to public officials\u2014again, the conduct of the giver and recipient is being regulated. For the Giver, NA should require the AG to show that something of value was given, offered, or promised to a public official. As to the recipient, it requires a showing that something of value was demanded, sought, received, accepted, or agreed to be received or accepted by a public official. Here, the law should not require a specific intent to alleviate the lawmakers\u2019 fear concerning culture. Instead, the unlawful gratuity must be \u201cfor or because of any official act performed or to be performed by such public official.\u201d<\/p>\n

Third, adopting this recommendation, as standard in contemporary jurisprudence, would distinguish conduct such as giving an \u201cattaya\u201d to a hardworking public servant from corrupting a public official with an \u201cattaya.\u201d How? The criticaldistinction between the bribery (receiving & giving) and illegal gratuity sections is that bribery would require a specific intent \u201cto influence\u201d a particular official act (in the case of the giver) or \u201cbeing influenced\u201d in an official act (in the case of the recipient); however, an illegal gratuity would only require that the unlawful gift be given or received \u201cfor or because of\u201d any official act. Moreover, unlike illegal compensation, which can be forward- or backward-looking at a past or future official action, bribery would require a specific intent to give or receive something of value in exchange for a future official act\u2014in other words, an explicit quid pro quo or direct nexus between the value given and a particular future action.<\/p>\n

Moreover, as the current bill addresses it under section 19, the bill should clarify that the bribery and illegal gratuity offenses would not require an unlawful gift to be paid or even that the object of the illicit gift is attainable. The section should prohibitconduct as soon as an offer (in the case of the giver) or an acceptance (in the case of the recipient) has occurred.<\/p>\n

Furthermore, I have a different view regarding punishment. Although the penalty for bribery should be more severe than an unlawful gift to a public official, to reconcile the fear of lawmakers that do not want corporations or individuals that commit serious financial loss\/gain to the state to have a fine capped at a million, I think the approach below would strike a good balance. Since we can all agree that corruption is cancer killing our development and progress as a nation, the punishment must fit the crime. To this effect, the bill should put a minimum statutory fine of D50,000 for individuals and D250,000 for corporate bodies for bribery. For unlawful gratuity to a public official, a minimum statutory penalty of D10,000 for individuals and D50,00 for the corporation. The law should require up to 15 years for a prison sentence for bribery and up to 2 years for illegal gratuity to a public official.<\/p>\n

Finally, the law would require that upon conviction, the person should be fined under this Act [the minimum] or not more than three times the monetary equivalent of the thing of value, whichever is greater, or imprisoned for not more than fifteen years, or both, and gives the judges the discretion to disqualify the individual from holding any office of honor, trust, or profit under the Gambia. See Election Act for similar sections. Indeed, I am open to helping NAMs draft specific areas regarding the Anti-Corruption Bill.<\/p>\n

NOTE ABOUT THE AUTHOR: The Author\u2019s practice focuses on constitutional law, national security law, and human and civil rights litigation.<\/p>\n

kerr fatou<\/b><\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About Gambia<\/a> Follow Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Gambia. The most important institution that should nurture and protect our nascent democracy is National Assembly (\u201cNA\u201d). Yet, the institution failed to attract talent or is considered irrelevant. But suppose the country is to learn anything during the past six years. In that case, NA can set the country\u2019s trajectory, ensure efficient oversight, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":37386,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,6],"tags":[2355,2361,260],"class_list":["post-37387","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-files","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-gambia","tag-gambia"],"yoast_head":"\nOpen Letter To The National Assembly: Suggestions & Recommendations On The Pending Anti-Corruption Bill - Gambia<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The most important institution that should nurture and protect our nascent democracy is National Assembly (\u201cNA\u201d). 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