{"id":2490,"date":"2022-06-17T20:04:17","date_gmt":"2022-06-17T20:04:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/politique\/ngozi-okonjo-iweala-quelle-place-pour-lafrique-dans-laccord-arrache-a-lomc"},"modified":"2022-06-17T20:52:57","modified_gmt":"2022-06-17T20:52:57","slug":"ngozi-okonjo-iweala-quelle-place-pour-lafrique-dans-laccord-arrache-a-lomc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/ngozi-okonjo-iweala-quelle-place-pour-lafrique-dans-laccord-arrache-a-lomc","title":{"rendered":"Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala : quelle place pour l\u2019Afrique dans l\u2019accord arrach\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019OMC ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Guinee Bissau. <\/strong><\/span>Apr\u00e8s cinq jours d\u2019intenses n\u00e9gociations entre ses 164 \u00c9tats membres, l\u2019Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) est parvenue \u00e0 s\u2019accorder sur plusieurs mesures. Un r\u00e9sultat \u00ab sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u00bb, d\u2019apr\u00e8s sa directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala. Trois points pour comprendre leur impact \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du continent.<\/p>\n

a douzi\u00e8me Conf\u00e9rence minist\u00e9rielle aura dur\u00e9 de tr\u00e8s longues heures, pour se terminer au petit matin ce vendredi 17 juin. Mais son issue a \u00e9t\u00e9 jug\u00e9e \u00ab historique \u00bb dans sa \u00ab r\u00e9ponse aux urgences de notre \u00e9poque \u00bb, selon les mots de Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l\u2019Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC).<\/p>\n

Les d\u00e9l\u00e9gations se sont notamment accord\u00e9es autour de textes r\u00e9gissant la suppression des subventions \u00e0 la p\u00eache, la lev\u00e9e temporaire des brevets sur les vaccins anti-Covid, et la lutte contre l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire. Des sujets tr\u00e8s importants en Afrique.<\/p>\n

R\u00e9gulation de la p\u00eache<\/p>\n

Pour lutter contre la p\u00eache ill\u00e9gale, l\u2019OMC veut interdire certaines formes de subventions pouvant encourager cette pratique. L\u2019Afrique est particuli\u00e8rement concern\u00e9e par le sujet. Ainsi, le S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, la Mauritanie, la Gambie, la Guin\u00e9e-Bissau, la Guin\u00e9e et la Sierra Leone perdent 2,3 milliards de dollars chaque ann\u00e9e suite aux pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements faits dans l\u2019ill\u00e9galit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Selon l\u2019Organisation des Nations unies pour l\u2019alimentation et l\u2019agriculture (FAO), la p\u00eache non d\u00e9clar\u00e9e et non r\u00e9glement\u00e9e sur la c\u00f4te ouest du continent repr\u00e9sente quant \u00e0 elle 37 % des captures. Cette surexploitation, favoris\u00e9e par la corruption et le manque de surveillance, acc\u00e9l\u00e8re la rar\u00e9faction des ressources halieutiques dans la zone. Le nouveau texte adopt\u00e9 par les 164 \u00c9tats membres de l\u2019OMC entend freiner cette tendance.<\/p>\n

En parall\u00e8le, l\u2019organisation propose de mettre en place un fonds permettant d\u2019apporter une assistance technique et d\u2019aider les p\u00eacheurs des pays en d\u00e9veloppement \u00e0 se tourner vers une p\u00eache plus durable.<\/p>\n

Lutte contre l\u2019ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire<\/p>\n

Le document adopt\u00e9 souligne l\u2019importance \u00ab de ne pas imposer de prohibitions ou de restrictions \u00e0 l\u2019exportation \u00bb qui soient contraires aux r\u00e8gles de l\u2019OMC. Toute mesure d\u2019urgence introduite pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des pr\u00e9occupations en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire, comme un gel des exportations, adopt\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re \u00ab temporaire, cibl\u00e9e et transparente \u00bb, devra d\u00e9sormais \u00eatre notifi\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019organisation. Un autre texte vise la protection des achats de nourriture du Programme alimentaire mondial.<\/p>\n

Ces accords \u00e9taient particuli\u00e8rement attendus dans la mesure o\u00f9 la guerre en Ukraine prive l\u2019ensemble de la population mondiale de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales et d\u2019engrais, fait flamber les prix et menace de faim des millions de personnes dans le monde.<\/p>\n

En Afrique de l\u2019Ouest notamment, la situation est d\u2019autant plus tendue que la plupart des pays ne disposent pas de stocks suffisants pour pallier aux besoins des populations et atteindre l\u2019autosuffisance. Et ce malgr\u00e9 les efforts de la Communaut\u00e9 \u00e9conomique des \u00c9tats de l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest (Cedeao) qui a \u00e9tabli une strat\u00e9gie en la mati\u00e8re (avec trois niveaux de stock et de proximit\u00e9, national et r\u00e9gional). Mais celle-ci tarde \u00e0 la mettre en \u0153uvre. Lanc\u00e9e en 2013, la r\u00e9serve r\u00e9gionale (utilis\u00e9e par les pays membres) n\u2019a, pour l\u2019heure, atteint que 40 000 tonnes de c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, soit 10 % du volume total vis\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Lev\u00e9e temporaire des brevets des vaccins Covid-19<\/p>\n

Arriv\u00e9e \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l\u2019OMC en mars 2021, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala a fait de la r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 la pand\u00e9mie du coronavirus une priorit\u00e9. Comme la haute dirigeante nig\u00e9riane le rappelait en f\u00e9vrier dernier dans les colonnes de Jeune Afrique, \u00ab un compromis sur les droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle ne suffira pas. Nous avons besoin de capacit\u00e9s de fabrication sur le continent africain et dans d\u2019autres r\u00e9gions en d\u00e9veloppement. Aujourd\u2019hui, 80% des vaccins du monde sont export\u00e9s par dix pays. Cette production doit \u00eatre d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Le sujet, objet de discussions houleuses entre deux groupes distincts parmi les \u00c9tats membres, les lobbies pharmaceutiques mais aussi de nombreuses ONG, a finalement d\u00e9bouch\u00e9 sur un accord ce 17 juin. Une lev\u00e9e temporaire des brevets prot\u00e9geant les vaccins anti-Covid destin\u00e9s aux pays en d\u00e9veloppement a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

En attendant la publication des textes finaux, la directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019OMC a fait savoir en conf\u00e9rence de presse que cet aboutissement \u00ab fut un long combat, mais c\u2019est fait \u00bb. Seule ombre au tableau : les d\u00e9bats ont cristallis\u00e9 de nombreuses divergences entre les pays membres, ce qui \u00ab confirme que l\u2019organisation a besoin d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9form\u00e9e en profondeur \u00bb, selon Valdis Dombrovskis, commissaire europ\u00e9en charg\u00e9 du Commerce. Il salue toutefois \u00ab un r\u00e9sultat important et de port\u00e9e mondiale. \u00bb<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Guinee Bissau<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Guinee Bissau. Apr\u00e8s cinq jours d\u2019intenses n\u00e9gociations entre ses 164 \u00c9tats membres, l\u2019Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) est parvenue \u00e0 s\u2019accorder sur plusieurs mesures. Un r\u00e9sultat \u00ab sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \u00bb, d\u2019apr\u00e8s sa directrice g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala. Trois points pour comprendre leur impact \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle du continent. a douzi\u00e8me Conf\u00e9rence minist\u00e9rielle aura dur\u00e9 de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":2489,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7,3,11,10],"tags":[36,49,50],"class_list":["post-2490","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-dossiers","category-economie","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-guinee-bissau","tag-guinee-bissau"],"yoast_head":"\nNgozi Okonjo-Iweala : quelle place pour l\u2019Afrique dans l\u2019accord arrach\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019OMC ? - Guin\u00e9e Bissau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Apr\u00e8s cinq jours d\u2019intenses n\u00e9gociations entre ses 164 \u00c9tats membres, l\u2019Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) est parv 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