{"id":830,"date":"2020-12-28T00:00:56","date_gmt":"2020-12-28T00:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.com\/guinee-bissau\/?p=830"},"modified":"2020-12-27T20:08:10","modified_gmt":"2020-12-27T20:08:10","slug":"de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom","title":{"rendered":"De quoi le franc CFA est-il le nom ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Guinee Bissau<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>L\u2019\u00e9conomie des pays africains de la zone franc (PAZF) se caract\u00e9rise notamment par le faible volume des \u00e9changes intracommunautaires \u2013 15 % de l\u2019ensemble des \u00e9changes contre 60 % au sein de la zone euro \u2013, la faible comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9-prix \u00e0 l\u2019export \u2013 du fait du m\u00e9salignement du taux de change r\u00e9el du CFA par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019euro \u2013, le rationnement endog\u00e8ne du cr\u00e9dit \u2013 un ratio \u00ab cr\u00e9dits \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9conomie rapport\u00e9s au PIB \u00bb de 23 % contre 100 % dans la zone euro \u2013 et l\u2019objectif de stabilit\u00e9 des prix poursuivi par les deux principales banques centrales de la zone franc, la BCEAO et la BEAC.<\/p>\n

D\u2019autres symboles d\u00e9rangeants viennent s\u2019y ajouter\u2009: les billets et pi\u00e8ces de monnaie CFA sont exclusivement fabriqu\u00e9s en France, ce qui porte un s\u00e9rieux coup de canif \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e de souverainet\u00e9 d\u00e9fendue par les dirigeants des PAZF. Par ailleurs, malgr\u00e9 leur ind\u00e9pendance vis-\u00e0-vis des \u00c9tats depuis 2010, la BCEAO et la BEAC doivent toujours passer par le Tr\u00e9sor fran\u00e7ais pour acc\u00e9der \u00e0 la garantie de la parit\u00e9 fixe entre le F CFA et l\u2019euro, et non par leur cons\u0153ur de Francfort, la Banque centrale europ\u00e9enne, comme on aurait pu s\u2019y attendre.<\/p>\n

Servitude volontaire<\/b><\/p>\n

Enfin, le franc fran\u00e7ais ayant \u00e9t\u00e9 remplac\u00e9 par l\u2019euro, il peut para\u00eetre surprenant que les dirigeants africains se battent farouchement pour conserver une unit\u00e9 de compte jug\u00e9e caduque par ses propres cr\u00e9ateurs.<\/p>\n

Cette servitude volontaire n\u2019a pourtant eu aucun impact positif sur la vie des populations. En effet, les deux leviers de la politique \u00e9conomique \u2013 le budget et la monnaie \u2013 sont bloqu\u00e9s. Le budget a perdu son caract\u00e8re contracyclique, il est m\u00eame devenu procyclique\u2009: en p\u00e9riode d\u2019aust\u00e9rit\u00e9, il n\u2019y a pas de croissance, donc peu de recettes fiscales, et donc pas d\u2019\u00e9quilibre budg\u00e9taire, sauf \u00e0 effectuer de nouvelles coupes sombres dans les d\u00e9penses publiques.<\/p>\n

Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la monnaie, les PAZF sont en butte \u00e0 une d\u00e9flation structurelle, comme en t\u00e9moigne le taux d\u2019inflation sous-jacente, qui est \u00e9gal \u00e0 z\u00e9ro depuis deux d\u00e9cennies, avec comme cons\u00e9quence des taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats r\u00e9els \u00e0 deux chiffres, condamnant toute possibilit\u00e9 raisonnable d\u2019emprunt pour effectuer des investissements productifs.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9fense du taux de change fixe entre le franc CFA et l\u2019euro<\/b><\/p>\n

Et les banques centrales de la zone franc applaudissent cette illusion de la victoire finale sur l\u2019inflation, mortif\u00e8re pour toute \u00e9conomie qui a vocation \u00e0 cro\u00eetre et \u00e0 cr\u00e9er massivement des emplois marchands\u2009!<\/p>\n

En v\u00e9rit\u00e9, leur principal objectif est la d\u00e9fense du taux de change fixe entre le franc CFA et l\u2019euro. Il convient donc d\u2019interroger les ressorts profonds de ce paradoxe, de d\u00e9construire les diff\u00e9rents int\u00e9r\u00eats des acteurs et les inerties institutionnelles \u00e0 l\u2019\u0153uvre, de d\u00e9m\u00ealer l\u2019\u00e9cheveau de la persistance de cette monnaie coloniale et postcoloniale, bref ! De se poser la principale question qui vaille \u00e0 nos yeux : \u00ab De quoi le Franc CFA est-il le nom ? \u00bb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Guinee Bissau. L\u2019\u00e9conomie des pays africains de la zone franc (PAZF) se caract\u00e9rise notamment par le faible volume des \u00e9changes intracommunautaires \u2013 15 % de l\u2019ensemble des \u00e9changes contre 60 % au sein de la zone euro \u2013, la faible comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9-prix \u00e0 l\u2019export \u2013 du fait du m\u00e9salignement du taux de change r\u00e9el […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":829,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,11,10],"tags":[36,49,50],"class_list":["post-830","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-guinee-bissau","tag-guinee-bissau"],"yoast_head":"\nDe quoi le franc CFA est-il le nom ? - Guin\u00e9e Bissau<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"L\u2019\u00e9conomie des pays africains de la zone franc (PAZF) se caract\u00e9rise notamment par le faible volume des \u00e9changes intraco ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"De quoi le franc CFA est-il le nom ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"L\u2019\u00e9conomie des pays africains de la zone franc (PAZF) se caract\u00e9rise notamment par le faible volume des \u00e9changes intraco ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Guin\u00e9e Bissau\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-12-28T00:00:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/centrafricaine\/sites\/55\/2020\/12\/img-5fe8e99240ae4.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"640\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"320\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"De quoi le franc CFA est-il le nom ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-12-28T00:00:56+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom\"},\"wordCount\":532,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/centrafricaine\/sites\/55\/2020\/12\/img-5fe8e99240ae4.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Guinee Bissau\",\"Guinee Bissau\"],\"articleSection\":[\"\u00c9conomie\",\"homepage-french\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-bissau\/economie\/de-quoi-le-franc-cfa-est-il-le-nom\",\"name\":\"De quoi le franc CFA est-il le nom ? 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