{"id":5195,"date":"2022-12-16T18:54:00","date_gmt":"2022-12-16T18:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-equatoriale\/politique\/climat-lunion-europeenne-adopte-une-taxe-carbone-a-ses-frontieres"},"modified":"2022-12-16T20:40:34","modified_gmt":"2022-12-16T20:40:34","slug":"climat-lunion-europeenne-adopte-une-taxe-carbone-a-ses-frontieres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/guinee-equatoriale\/toutes-les-actualites\/climat-lunion-europeenne-adopte-une-taxe-carbone-a-ses-frontieres","title":{"rendered":"Climat : l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne adopte une \u00ab taxe carbone \u00bb \u00e0 ses fronti\u00e8res"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Guinee Equatoriale. <\/strong><\/span>Verdir les importations industrielles en faisant payer les e\u0301missions carbones lie\u0301es a\u0300 leur production : l\u2019UE a adopte\u0301 mardi un me\u0301canisme ine\u0301dit a\u0300 ses frontie\u0300res, qui doit aussi signer la fin des \u00ab droits a\u0300 polluer \u00bb gratuits alloue\u0301s aux industriels europe\u0301ens.<\/p>\n

Appele\u0301 commune\u0301ment \u00ab taxe carbone aux frontie\u0300res \u00bb bien qu\u2019il ne s\u2019agisse pas d\u2019une taxe proprement dite, ce dispositif sans pre\u0301ce\u0301dent consistera a\u0300 appliquer aux importations des Vingt-Sept les crite\u0300res du marche\u0301 du carbone europe\u0301en, ou\u0300 les industriels de l\u2019UE sont tenus d\u2019acheter des quotas couvrant leurs e\u0301missions polluantes.<\/p>\n

Avec l\u2019envole\u0301e du prix de la tonne de CO2, l\u2019ide\u0301e est d\u2019e\u0301viter un \u00ab dumping e\u0301cologique \u00bb qui verrait les industriels de\u0301localiser leur production hors d\u2019Europe, tout en encourageant le reste du monde a\u0300 adopter les standards europe\u0301ens.<\/p>\n

(Re)lire : Climat : l\u2019Union europe\u0301enne s\u2019engage a\u0300 atteindre la neutralite\u0301 carbone en 2050<\/p>\n

Ce dispositif d’ \u00bbajustement carbone aux frontie\u0300res \u00bb (CBAM en anglais) \u00ab sera un pilier crucial des politiques climatiques europe\u0301ennes (…) pour inciter nos partenaires commerciaux a\u0300 de\u0301carboner leur industrie \u00bb, explique l\u2019eurode\u0301pute\u0301 Mohammed Chahim (S&D, sociaux-de\u0301mocrates).<\/p>\n

En pratique, l\u2019importateur devra de\u0301clarer les e\u0301missions lie\u0301es au processus de production, et si celles-ci de\u0301passent le standard europe\u0301en, acque\u0301rir un \u00ab certificat d\u2019e\u0301mission \u00bb au prix du CO2 dans l\u2019UE. Si un marche\u0301 carbone existe dans le pays exportateur, il paiera seulement la diffe\u0301rence.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le message a\u0300 nos industries est clair: inutile de de\u0301localiser car nous avons pris les mesures ne\u0301cessaires pour e\u0301viter les concurrences de\u0301loyales \u00bb en garantissant \u00ab un traitement e\u0301quitable \u00bb entre producteurs europe\u0301ens et marchandises importe\u0301es, a observe\u0301 Pascal Canfin (Renew, libe\u0301raux), pre\u0301sident de la commission Environnement au Parlement.<\/p>\n

Voici les modalite\u0301s de l\u2019accord trouve\u0301 mardi matin entre les ne\u0301gociateurs des Etats membres et du Parlement europe\u0301en apre\u0300s de longues ne\u0301gociations nocturnes:<\/p>\n

Secteurs concerne\u0301s<\/p>\n

Le me\u0301canisme, administre\u0301 pour l\u2019essentiel de fac\u0327on centralise\u0301e au niveau de l\u2019UE, visera les secteurs juge\u0301s les plus polluants (acier, aluminium, ciment, engrais, e\u0301lectricite\u0301), comme le proposait la Commission europe\u0301enne.<\/p>\n

Les eurode\u0301pute\u0301s ont obtenu d\u2019y ajouter l\u2019hydroge\u0300ne, certains produits de\u0301rive\u0301s (boulons…), et Bruxelles devra e\u0301tudier l\u2019e\u0301ventuelle extension a\u0300 la chimie organique et aux polyme\u0300res (plastiques).<\/p>\n

Le dispositif tiendra compte des e\u0301missions \u00ab indirectes \u00bb (ge\u0301ne\u0301re\u0301es par l\u2019e\u0301lectricite\u0301 utilise\u0301e pour la production). Les revenus attendus, qui pourraient de\u0301passer 14 milliards d\u2019euros annuels, alimenteront le budget ge\u0301ne\u0301ral de l\u2019UE.<\/p>\n

(Re)lire : COP26 : peut-on compter sur l\u2019innovation pour capter plus de CO2 ?<\/p>\n

Calendrier<\/p>\n

Une pe\u0301riode-test commencera de\u0300s octobre 2023, durant laquelle les entreprises importatrices devront simplement rapporter leurs obligations. Le calendrier du de\u0301marrage effectif de\u0301pendra de pourparlers en fin de semaine sur le reste de la re\u0301forme du marche\u0301 carbone europe\u0301en.<\/p>\n

Commission et Etats de\u0301fendent une application progressive du me\u0301canisme sur dix ans a\u0300 partir de 2026. Les eurode\u0301pute\u0301s, eux, demandent une mise en oeuvre graduelle entre 2027 et 2032.<\/p>\n

Quotas gratuits<\/p>\n

Actuellement, les industriels europe\u0301ens se voient allouer des quotas gratuits couvrant une partie de leurs e\u0301missions, pour soutenir leur compe\u0301titivite\u0301 face aux concurrents e\u0301trangers.<\/p>\n

A mesure que montera en puissance l’ \u00bbajustement aux frontie\u0300res \u00bb, les quotas gratuits distribue\u0301s aux secteurs concerne\u0301s seront supprime\u0301s progressivement.<\/p>\n

Un point crucial: en traitant a\u0300 e\u0301galite\u0301 importations et production locale, Bruxelles estime rester dans les clous des re\u0300gles de l\u2019Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC) et contrer les accusations de \u00ab protectionnisme \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Mais le calendrier de suppression des quotas gratuits, a\u0302prement discute\u0301, ne sera aborde\u0301 que vendredi et samedi dans les pourparlers sur la re\u0301forme du marche\u0301 carbone.<\/p>\n

\u00ab La re\u0301glementation sur le CBAM ne pourra e\u0302tre formellement adopte\u0301e qu\u2019apre\u0300s avoir re\u0301solu ces autres e\u0301le\u0301ments \u00bb, avertit le Conseil europe\u0301en.<\/p>\n

Aides a\u0300 l\u2019exportation<\/p>\n

Autre point controverse\u0301 restant a\u0300 ne\u0301gocier : le Parlement veut que les sites industriels europe\u0301ens, sous certaines conditions, continuent de recevoir des allocations gratuites pour leur production destine\u0301e aux exportations vers des pays hors-UE.<\/p>\n

Les industriels europe\u0301ens s\u2019alarment de voir leurs exportations perdre en compe\u0301titivite\u0301 en raison du prix a\u0300 payer pour leurs e\u0301missions et des lourds investissements pour se de\u0301carboner, alors qu\u2019ils pa\u0302tissent de\u0301ja\u0300 de la flambe\u0301e des cou\u0302ts de l\u2019e\u0301nergie.<\/p>\n

Les Etats restent, eux, re\u0301ticents a\u0300 tout \u00ab rabais a\u0300 l\u2019exportation \u00bb, qui risquent d\u2019e\u0302tre incompatibles avec les re\u0300gles anti-subventions de l\u2019OMC. Le CBAM est \u00ab l\u2019aboutissement d\u2019une ide\u0301e vieille de trente ans, mais il n\u2019a de sens qu\u2019en supprimant toutes les allocations gratuites \u00bb, observe Genevie\u0300ve Pons, directrice-ge\u0301ne\u0301rale de l\u2019institut Europe Jacques-Delors. Alternativement, elle plaide pour que les recettes du me\u0301canisme soit utilise\u0301es pour aider les pays en de\u0301veloppement a\u0300 se de\u0301carboner.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Guinee Equatoriale<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Guinee Equatoriale. Verdir les importations industrielles en faisant payer les e\u0301missions carbones lie\u0301es a\u0300 leur production : l\u2019UE a adopte\u0301 mardi un me\u0301canisme ine\u0301dit a\u0300 ses frontie\u0300res, qui doit aussi signer la fin des \u00ab droits a\u0300 polluer \u00bb gratuits alloue\u0301s aux industriels europe\u0301ens. Appele\u0301 commune\u0301ment \u00ab taxe carbone aux frontie\u0300res \u00bb bien […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":5194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,49,50],"class_list":["post-5195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-guinee-equatoriale","tag-guinee-equatoriale"],"yoast_head":"\nClimat : l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne adopte une \u00ab taxe carbone \u00bb \u00e0 ses fronti\u00e8res - Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Verdir les importations industrielles en faisant payer les e\u0301missions carbones lie\u0301es a\u0300 leur production : l\u2019UE a adopte ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, 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