{"id":63868,"date":"2025-11-05T19:40:31","date_gmt":"2025-11-05T19:40:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa"},"modified":"2025-11-05T20:05:49","modified_gmt":"2025-11-05T20:05:49","slug":"francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa","title":{"rendered":"Fran\u00e7afrique and the Shifting Influence of France in Africa"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Lesotho. <\/strong><\/span>The term \u201cFranc\u0327afrique\u201d describes the political, economic and military networks built to preserve French influence in Africa. It refers to a past era but many believe that it still shapes relations between France and its former colonies today.<\/p>\n

The word was popularised by French economist, historian and activist Franc\u0327ois-Xavier Verschave in his 1998 book Franc\u0327afrique: The Longest Scandal of the Republic. He used it to condemn a neocolonial system that created dependence and allowed for French interference. Originally, the idea meant a close cooperation between France and Francophone Africa.<\/p>\n

As a researcher in political discourse and Franco-African relations, I am interested in how the idea of Franc\u0327afrique still affects the way both sides see each other today.<\/p>\n

How Franc\u0327afrique got its name<\/p>\n

The term Franc\u0327afrique was first used in 1945 by Jean Piot, editor-in-chief of L\u2019Aurore newspaper. He saw it as a way to unite France and Africa to renew the French Empire. Later, Fe\u0301lix Houphoue\u0308t-Boigny, the first president of independent Co\u0302te d\u2019Ivoire, gave the term a positive meaning. In 1955, he used it to describe a positive partnership. He wanted to celebrate the shared language, culture and economic ties between France and Africa.<\/p>\n

Verschave completely redefined the meaning of the term. For him, Franc\u0327afrique symbolised a shadowy system of corruption, patronage and political interference.<\/p>\n

A key architect of this system was Jacques Foccart. He was the African affairs adviser to French presidents between 1958 and 1974 and then adviser to Prime Minister Jacques Chirac between 1986 and 1988. He also served as the secretary-general for the Community and African and Malagasy Affairs, a body designed by General Charles de Gaulle to manage France\u2019s relations with its former colonies.<\/p>\n

The pillars of Franc\u0327afrique<\/p>\n

Franc\u0327afrique is based on three main pillars:<\/p>\n

1. Political and military support<\/p>\n

Since African independence in the 1960s, France has maintained close ties with leaders considered to be \u201cfriends of France\u201d. Through specific defence agreements, Paris retained the right to conduct military interventions to stabilise or protect allied governments. Key examples include Operation Manta in Chad in 1983 and Operation Serval in Mali in 2013. This structure was upheld by a shadow network. It was made up of unofficial advisors, intelligence services and personal connections among the elite. It was best symolised by the so-called \u201cAfrican cell\u201d within the E\u0301lyse\u0301e Palace, which was long led by Foccart.<\/p>\n

2. Economic ties<\/p>\n

The economic pillar of Franc\u0327afrique is defined by deep financial ties. The CFA franc currency, created in 1945, is a clear legacy of colonial-era monetary dependence. Major French corporations like Elf, Bollore\u0301, Bouygues and Total gained privileged access to key sectors such as oil, infrastructure and telecommunications in Africa. In return, these companies often funded a hidden system of financial support for African political parties and regimes. This corrupt system was exposed in the 1990s when a judicial investigation revealed that the French state-owned oil giant, Elf-Aquitaine, operated a vast network of corruption that involved both French politicians and African leaders.<\/p>\n

3. Personal and informal networks<\/p>\n

Beyond official diplomacy, Franc\u0327afrique thrived on personal and informal networks. It operated through a web of businessmen, diplomats and military figures. These intermediaries formed a powerful \u201cparallel state\u201d. Their networks mixed business deals, intelligence work and personal friendships. This system effectively bypassed standard diplomatic channels. The importance of these personal ties is confirmed in the 2024 memoirs of Robert Bourgi, a key insider. As a disciple of Foccart, he details his extensive relationships with numerous African political leaders.<\/p>\n

Is Franc\u0327afrique really over?<\/p>\n

The Francafrique system was weakened by major global and regional shifts. The Soviet Union\u2019s collapse, growing demands for democracy in Africa, and financial scandals in France all challenged its existence.<\/p>\n

A key turning point was the 1990 La Baule speech by French president Franc\u0327ois Mitterrand. He declared that French aid would be tied to democratic reforms. Despite this, French influence persisted, simply changing its form through privatisation, new military partnerships and economic diplomacy.<\/p>\n

In the 2000s, successive French presidents \u2013 Jacques Chirac, Nicolas Sarkozy and Franc\u0327ois Hollande \u2013 all vowed to end the Franc\u0327afrique era. However, continued French military action in Co\u0302te d\u2019Ivoire in 2002, Mali in 2013, and the wider Sahel region until 2023 demonstrated a lasting French security role on the continent.<\/p>\n

A concept in crisis<\/p>\n

Today, the concept of Franc\u0327afrique is in crisis. Under President Emmanuel Macron, the term itself has become politically taboo. Since his 2017 speech in Ouagadougou, he has insisted on breaking with the old logic of paternalism. He advocates instead for a \u201cpartnership of equals\u201d.<\/p>\n

Symbolic initiatives aim to modernise the relationship. These include returning looted artworks to Benin, acknowledging France\u2019s role in the Rwandan genocide, and creating a new Africa-France Summit format.<\/p>\n

Yet for many Africans, this new rhetoric does not match reality. French military presence in the Sahel, the ongoing use of the CFA franc (even as it is slowly rebranded), and the dominance of large French companies fuel a powerful feeling that French influence remains largely unchanged.<\/p>\n

In countries like Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger rejection of France is now expressed through pan-Africanist and sovereignty rhetoric, which has led to regime changes.<\/p>\n

The rise of competing powers<\/p>\n

A key feature of the current era is the diversification of Africa\u2019s international partners. Countries like China, Turkey, Russia and Gulf states are now major players in both economic and security sectors. The era of France having an exclusive \u201cbackyard\u201d in Africa is over. African states now enjoy significantly greater geopolitical leeway.<\/p>\n

In this new competitive landscape, France is attempting to redefine its policy. It now emphasises targeted bilateral relations, support for civil society, and academic and cultural cooperation. However, this strategic shift is struggling to overcome decades of deep-seated mistrust.<\/p>\n

The powerful and enduring image of Franc\u0327afrique continues to shape perceptions, especially among a younger generations of Africans who view past relations with scepticism.<\/p>\n

An unfinished break<\/p>\n

Today, discussing Franc\u0327afrique means confronting both a historical system and a powerful political idea. While the shadowy networks of the past have faded, the underlying structures of economic influence remain. So too do the powerful postcolonial emotions that shape relations between France and Africa.<\/p>\n

Franc\u0327afrique may no longer be an official policy. Yet it remains a powerful lens. It is the key to understanding how colonial legacies continue to shape the present day.<\/p>\n

the conversation<\/b><\/p>\n

For More News And Analysis About Lesotho<\/span> Follow Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Lesotho. The term \u201cFranc\u0327afrique\u201d describes the political, economic and military networks built to preserve French influence in Africa. It refers to a past era but many believe that it still shapes relations between France and its former colonies today. The word was popularised by French economist, historian and activist Franc\u0327ois-Xavier Verschave in his […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":63867,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,6],"tags":[245],"class_list":["post-63868","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-files","tag-lesotho"],"yoast_head":"\nFran\u00e7afrique and the Shifting Influence of France in Africa - Lesotho<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The term \u201cFranc\u0327afrique\u201d describes the political, economic and military networks built to preserve French influence in A ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Fran\u00e7afrique and the Shifting Influence of France in Africa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The term \u201cFranc\u0327afrique\u201d describes the political, economic and military networks built to preserve French influence in A ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lesotho\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-11-05T19:40:31+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-11-05T20:05:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/sites\/62\/2025\/11\/sm_1762360259.344232.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1000\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"625\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"Fran\u00e7afrique and the Shifting Influence of France in Africa\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-11-05T19:40:31+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-11-05T20:05:49+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa\"},\"wordCount\":1084,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/sites\/62\/2025\/11\/sm_1762360259.344232.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Lesotho\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"files\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/francafrique-and-the-shifting-influence-of-france-in-africa\",\"name\":\"Fran\u00e7afrique and the Shifting Influence of France in Africa - 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