{"id":7338,"date":"2021-12-18T11:42:01","date_gmt":"2021-12-18T11:42:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award"},"modified":"2021-12-18T12:05:38","modified_gmt":"2021-12-18T12:05:38","slug":"moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award","title":{"rendered":"Moshoeshoe\u2019s research paper wins award"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Lesotho. <\/strong><\/span>DR Ramaele Moshoeshoe from the National University of Lesotho (NUL)\u2019s Economics Department has just won the Econometric Society Africa Region\u2019s Young Economist Best Paper Award.<\/p>\n<p>Dr Moshoeshoe beat competitors from the rest of Africa. As a reward, Dr Moshoeshoe has effectively booked his ticket as a Visiting Scholar to France. \u201cI will be a Visiting Scholar to the Centre for Research in Economics and Statistics (CREST), in Palaiseau, France,\u201d Dr Moshoeshoe said.<\/p>\n<p>As a bonus, his paper will also receive a fast-tracked review by the prestigious Annals of Economics and Statistics journal. Here is the story. The respected Econometric Society, a worldwide body promoting Econometrics, held its Africa Region international conference recently.<\/p>\n<p>There are several such region-specific conferences by the Econometric Society. \u201cAs an African scholar based in Africa, I submitted my paper to this Africa meeting of the Society,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n<p>There was a competition in this section. Africa-based Economics Scholars within 10 years of receiving their PhD, who present at the conference would compete for the best research paper award.<\/p>\n<p>Scores of scholars from all over Africa presented. Then came the good news!<br \/>\n\u201cWell, I was just interested in sharing the findings of my paper and get feedback. As for my paper being considered the best, it came as a complete surprise. \u201d<\/p>\n<p>If you have been looking at the trend, NUL students and lecturers are going head-to-head, toe-to-toe, with their international peers and they are out-competing them.<\/p>\n<p>The economists amongst us are already salivating as they wait for an answer to this question, \u201cwhat was this paper all about?\u201d<br \/>\nLesotho introduced free primary education (FPE) many years ago, in 2000, and phased it in grade-by-grade.<\/p>\n<p>In 2012, the first cohort that benefited from this policy since it was introduced entered the NUL. What does the available data show about its performance?<br \/>\nWas their performance better or worse than that of students who came before them, and who never experienced FPE policy?<br \/>\nThat\u2019s a hard nut to crack.<\/p>\n<p>The first question is, why would an economist be interested in the first place?<br \/>\nWell, economists are interested in development, and human capital is critical for development.<\/p>\n<p>Thus, knowing how government policies impact human capital development is a preoccupation of economists all over. This is because how well people are trained and educated determine how productive they will be in the economy.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe used a method called Difference-in-Differences to find the long-term impact of the said policy,\u201d the Dr said. At NUL, students\u2019 academic performance is based on their year averages (Overall Weighted Average or OWM).<\/p>\n<p>So these OWMs were used to determine the long-term impact of the free primary education policy on the student\u2019s performance at the NUL. In its simple form, the Difference-in-Differences method goes this way.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe subtract the OWM of students who were in their second-year from the OWM of first-year students at NUL in 2012.<\/p>\n<p>\u201d<br \/>\nSecond-years were not affected by FPE in 2012. A little bit of mathematics will make it clearer.<\/p>\n<p>[OWM_f \u2013 OWM_s ]^2012, where (f) is first year and (s) is second year and 2012 is the year the students did their first year.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThen we subtract the OWM of students who were in their second-year from the OWM of first-year students at NUL in 2010 and 2011 before FPE.<\/p>\n<p>\u201d<br \/>\n[OWM_f \u2013 OWM_s ]^(2010-2011)<br \/>\n\u201cThen we take the Difference of the Differences.<\/p>\n<p>\u201d<br \/>\n[OWM_f \u2013 OWM_s ]^2012 \u2013 [OWM_f \u2013 OWM_s ]^(2010-2011) If the Difference of the Differences is at or closer to zero, this would mean FPE policy did not have an impact, negative or positive. However, if the difference is either significantly positive or negative, then the policy has some impact.<\/p>\n<p>For this approach to make sense, \u201cwe had to assume that the Difference of the Differences for the years prior to 2012 were not changing and our statistical checks on the available data said as much.<\/p>\n<p>\u201d<br \/>\nWhen they applied the Difference-in-Differences, they had to ensure that they were comparing apples to apples.<\/p>\n<p>For instance, whether the performance by the 2012 group had improved or decreased compared to previous year could be a matter of whether the university, in 2012, selected only the best students from high school, because there was a huge number of students graduating from high school, or a host of other reasons.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cWe had to check all such factors.<\/p>\n<p>\u201d<br \/>\nSo the students were compared faculty to faculty, gender to gender, district to district, age-cohort to age-cohort, and by family wealth.<\/p>\n<p>The result? The free primary cohort performed better than those who came before them by a margin of four percent. Why?<br \/>\n\u201cWe don\u2019t have enough data to make conclusions,\u201d Dr Moshoeshoe said.<\/p>\n<p>However, he said the available data shows the following things happened during the policy implementation. (1) Lesotho\u2019s FPE policy was implemented one year at a time, it was not a Big Bang, as it happened in other countries.<\/p>\n<p>(2) This afforded government time to build more schools and (3) increase the number of teachers, which, according to the available data, led to a sharp decrease in student teacher ratio.<\/p>\n<p>(4) During the same period, there was an increase in teacher qualification. All these have been shown to positively affect student learning, and could have contributed.<\/p>\n<p><strong>For More News And Analysis About <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\">Lesotho<\/a> Follow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/\">Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Lesotho. DR Ramaele Moshoeshoe from the National University of Lesotho (NUL)\u2019s Economics Department has just won the Econometric Society Africa Region\u2019s Young Economist Best Paper Award. Dr Moshoeshoe beat competitors from the rest of Africa. As a reward, Dr Moshoeshoe has effectively booked his ticket as a Visiting Scholar to France. \u201cI will [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":84,"featured_media":7337,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,5,6,8,16],"tags":[233,246,245],"class_list":["post-7338","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-all-news","category-economy","category-files","category-homepage-english","category-twitter","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-lesotho","tag-lesotho"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Moshoeshoe\u2019s research paper wins award - Lesotho<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DR Ramaele Moshoeshoe from the National University of Lesotho (NUL)\u2019s Economics Department has just won the Econometric ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Moshoeshoe\u2019s research paper wins award\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"DR Ramaele Moshoeshoe from the National University of Lesotho (NUL)\u2019s Economics Department has just won the Econometric ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Lesotho\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/AfricaPressTunisiaa\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2021-12-18T11:42:01+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2021-12-18T12:05:38+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/sites\/62\/2021\/12\/img-61bdce7787c2e.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"552\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"765\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditoren\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditoren\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/#\/schema\/person\/068c7ab4e9634ae78ec5d54ec46598bb\"},\"headline\":\"Moshoeshoe\u2019s research paper wins award\",\"datePublished\":\"2021-12-18T11:42:01+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2021-12-18T12:05:38+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award\"},\"wordCount\":879,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/sites\/62\/2021\/12\/img-61bdce7787c2e.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Lesotho\",\"Lesotho\"],\"articleSection\":[\"all news\",\"economy\",\"files\",\"homepage-english\",\"twitter\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/lesotho\/all-news\/moshoeshoes-research-paper-wins-award\",\"name\":\"Moshoeshoe\u2019s research paper wins award - 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