{"id":1611,"date":"2021-11-09T22:17:30","date_gmt":"2021-11-09T22:17:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/?p=1611"},"modified":"2021-11-09T21:18:21","modified_gmt":"2021-11-09T21:18:21","slug":"commemoration-il-y-a-cent-ans-le-prix-goncourt-de-rene-maran-et-son-influence-sur-la-litterature-malgache","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/commemoration-il-y-a-cent-ans-le-prix-goncourt-de-rene-maran-et-son-influence-sur-la-litterature-malgache","title":{"rendered":"Comm\u00e9moration : Il y a cent ans : le Prix Goncourt de Ren\u00e9 Maran et son influence sur la litt\u00e9rature malgache"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. <\/strong><\/span>Le jeune guyanais Ren\u00e9 Maran, po\u00e8te romantique membre de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Po\u00e8tes fran\u00e7ais, devient aux alentours de 1910, administrateur de colonies en Oubangui-Chari (Centrafrique) aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de son p\u00e8re qui, a concouru \u00e0 la formation de l\u2019Afrique Equatoriale Fran\u00e7aise aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza. Lors de sa \u00ab mission civilisatrice \u00bb, Ren\u00e9 Maran fut extr\u00eamement choqu\u00e9 par la maltraitance, le m\u00e9pris et les abus r\u00e9currents des colonisateurs fran\u00e7ais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des indig\u00e8nes oubanguiens. Il \u00e9crit un violent r\u00e9quisitoire contre les abus coloniaux \u2013 voire la barbarie coloniale \u2013 , qui d\u00e9consid\u00e8re la vraie France, celle des droits de l\u2019Homme. Cet essai constituera la pr\u00e9face \u00e0 son roman Batouala, v\u00e9ritable roman n\u00e8gre publi\u00e9 en 1921 chez le grand \u00e9diteur parisien Albin Michel. Il est distingu\u00e9 la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge 34 ans, par le Prix Goncourt, le prix litt\u00e9raire fran\u00e7ais le plus prestigieux. Son objectif \u00e9tait double : faire un r\u00e9quisitoire contre les exc\u00e8s coloniaux, et \u00e9crire un vrai \u00ab roman n\u00e8gre \u00bb s\u2019opposant aux \u00ab faux romans n\u00e8gres \u00bb \u00e9crits par des auteurs blancs. Pour ce faire, il met en page un r\u00e9cit en fran\u00e7ais se d\u00e9roulant dans un village oubanguien, en l\u2019enracinant authentiquement dans une culture oubanguienne, par l\u2019assimilation : de la langue de la tribu banda (dont de nombreux mots fleurissent son roman), de leurs us et coutumes, de leur environnement (faune, flore), de leur patronymie et toponymie. Il d\u00e9crit ces indig\u00e8nes colonis\u00e9s de l\u2019Oubangui-Chari tels qu\u2019ils sont et non pas tel que l\u2019on voudrait qu\u2019ils fussent. Le prix Goncourt, dont il sera laur\u00e9at, et le scandale qu\u2019il d\u00e9clenchera dans le monde litt\u00e9raire et politique fran\u00e7ais, conf\u00e9ra \u00e0 son ouvrage une visibilit\u00e9 internationale.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 Madagascar, en 1925, Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo fait para\u00eetre l\u2019Aube rouge qui adh\u00e8re pleinement au double manifeste de Batouala : combattre les exc\u00e8s coloniaux et s\u2019enraciner dans sa propre culture, la culture malgache, par l\u2019\u00e9criture. D\u2019ailleurs, Rabearivelo d\u00e9die son livre \u00e0 Maran. Il entretiendra d\u00e8s lors une correspondance avec Ren\u00e9 Maran qu\u2019il nommera affectueusement : \u00ab grand \u00e9crivain guyanais \u00bb, et \u00ab grand \u00e9crivain noir \u00bb. On est d\u00e9j\u00e0 dans le panafricanisme culturel ou dans la n\u00e9gritude avant la lettre, puisque Senghor pr\u00e9sentera Maran, bien des ann\u00e9es plus tard, comme le \u00ab pr\u00e9curseur de la n\u00e9gritude \u00bb. Dans la m\u00eame lanc\u00e9e, Rabearivelo collabore au journal Ny Fandrosoam-Baovao (Le nouveau progr\u00e8s) cofond\u00e9 en 1928 par le pasteur Ravelojaona et le journaliste Gabriel Razafintsalama. Le journal est \u00e9crit presqu\u2019exclusivement en malgache. C\u2019est dans ces colonnes que les po\u00e8tes Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo, Ny Avana Ramanantoanina et Charles Rajoelisolo signent d\u00e8s 1931 le manifeste du mouvement Mitady Ny Very. Ce mouvement pr\u00f4ne la d\u00e9fense et l\u2019illustration de la culture malgache en langue malgache. Les membres de ce mouvement traduiront aussi des auteurs classiques occidentaux en langue malgache. Face \u00e0 Mitady Ny Very appara\u00eet, en 1935, le Mouvement des Jeunes de Madagascar dans la revue mensuelle \u00e9ponyme dont le premier num\u00e9ro para\u00eet le 1er septembre 1935. Les fondateurs sont les jeunes po\u00e8tes Jacques Rabemananjara, R\u00e9gis Rajemisa-Raolison avec le concours de Z. Ramboa et A. Ralibera. Ils pr\u00f4nent la d\u00e9fense et l\u2019illustration de la culture malgache en langue fran\u00e7aise exprimant \u00ab l\u2019\u00e2me malgache \u00bb. Les articles de r\u00e9flexions dans La Revue des Jeunes de Madagascar sont consistants et d\u2019excellentes factures. Leur po\u00e9sie est en rupture avec les textes des \u00e9crivains imitateurs des mouvements de la M\u00e9tropole fran\u00e7aise personnifi\u00e9s par les po\u00e8tes Dondravitra, Razafimahefa, Rainizanabololona et quelques autres ; par leurs r\u00e9flexions personnelles, ils s\u2019opposent aux historiens vazaha en revisitant leur propre histoire, en exaltant la d\u00e9fense de l\u2019\u00e2me malgache inali\u00e9nable \u00e0 travers des ic\u00f4nes malgaches tels que la Reine Ranavalona I et le Premier Ministre Rainilaiarivony. Le pr\u00e9sident-po\u00e8te du S\u00e9n\u00e9gal L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor a eu enti\u00e8rement raison d\u2019inclure les deux chefs de file de ces mouvements malgaches d\u2019affirmation de son soi collectif et r\u00e9gional de colonis\u00e9 (Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo et Jacques Rabemananjara) dans son Anthologie manifeste de la N\u00e9gritude po\u00e9tique, publi\u00e9e \u00e0 Paris en 1948 aux Presses universitaires de France, car plus qu\u2019une simple couleur, la N\u00e9gritude est, tout autant, un humanisme \u00e0 deux volets : droit \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 des colonis\u00e9s et affirmation de sa culture propre. Il se trouve, et ce n\u2019est probablement pas un hasard, que ce concept a fait \u00e9cole en Afrique, aux Antilles-Guyane, en Ha\u00efti, \u00e0 Cuba, en Am\u00e9rique et \u00e0 Madagascar.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Madagascar<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. Le jeune guyanais Ren\u00e9 Maran, po\u00e8te romantique membre de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Po\u00e8tes fran\u00e7ais, devient aux alentours de 1910, administrateur de colonies en Oubangui-Chari (Centrafrique) aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de son p\u00e8re qui, a concouru \u00e0 la formation de l\u2019Afrique Equatoriale Fran\u00e7aise aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s de Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza. Lors de sa \u00ab mission […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":1610,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,11,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-1611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-et-art","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-madagascar","tag-madagascar"],"yoast_head":"\nComm\u00e9moration : Il y a cent ans : le Prix Goncourt de Ren\u00e9 Maran et son influence sur la litt\u00e9rature malgache - Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le jeune guyanais Ren\u00e9 Maran, po\u00e8te romantique membre de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Po\u00e8tes fran\u00e7ais, devient aux alentours de 1910, ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link 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