{"id":16973,"date":"2023-08-04T19:25:58","date_gmt":"2023-08-04T19:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/politique\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking"},"modified":"2023-08-04T21:08:54","modified_gmt":"2023-08-04T21:08:54","slug":"quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Madagascar. <\/strong><\/span>Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking exactement ?\u201d, a demande\u0301 un internaute nomme\u0301 Capitaine Caverne sur la page Facebook de Sciences et Avenir. Revenons donc sur cette ide\u0301e du ce\u0301le\u0300bre astrophysicien a\u0300 l\u2019occasion de la Question de la semaine.<\/p>\n<p>Le nom du ce\u0301le\u0300bre astrophysicien Stephen Hawking, mort le 14 mars 2018, est avant tout associe\u0301 aux trous noirs, ces astres extre\u0302mement compacts qui ne laissent e\u0301chapper ni lumie\u0300re ni matie\u0300re, et qui sont de ce fait, invisibles. Stephen Hawking a re\u0301volutionne\u0301 ce domaine en y apportant une nuance de taille que les physiciens ont baptise\u0301e la \u201cradiation\u201d ou le \u201crayonnement de Hawking\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>Il pre\u0301dit qu\u2019un rayonnement s\u2019e\u0301chappe en permanence des trous noirs, d\u2019autant plus infime qu\u2019ils sont massifs. Pour les trous noirs supermassifs qui logent au c\u0153ur des galaxies, cette e\u0301vaporation serait ne\u0301gligeable. Mais ce qui signifie qu\u2019en the\u0301orie, un trou noir ne serait pas totalement noir !<\/p>\n<p><b>Les voyageurs des trous noirs, e\u0301tire\u0301s comme des spaghettis&#8230;<\/b><\/p>\n<p>De quoi s\u2019agit-il ? Pour expliquer l\u2019ide\u0301e grossie\u0300rement, \u201cavec les mains\u201d et sans e\u0301quations, il faut faire appel aux lois de la physique quantique \u2013 cette branche de la physique qui s\u2019applique au monde subatomique, celui des particules. Le vide a un sens tre\u0300s diffe\u0301rent chez les physiciens. Rien a\u0300 voir avec le vide de nos pie\u0300ces et placards ou celui que l\u2019on e\u0301voque quand on parle de faire le vide dans sa te\u0302te. Le vide des physiciens est plein d\u2019e\u0301nergie qui fluctue sans cesse autour d\u2019une valeur moyenne, souvent compare\u0301e de manie\u0300re image\u0301e et me\u0301taphorique a\u0300 une mer de particules et d\u2019antiparticules, qui vont par pairs, s\u2019annihilent, puis se reconstituent sans cesse.<\/p>\n<p>A proximite\u0301 d\u2019un trou noir, les conditions de gravite\u0301 sont tre\u0300s particulie\u0300res. L\u2019astre compact exerce un champ gravitationnel intense, variant tre\u0300s fortement au fur et a\u0300 mesure que l\u2019on s\u2019e\u0301loigne de lui. De ce fait, tout objet qui s\u2019y approche subit une attraction plus grande sur son extre\u0301mite\u0301 a\u0300 proximite\u0301 du trou noir que sur la partie qui en est plus e\u0301loigne\u0301e. Ce phe\u0301nome\u0300ne n\u2019est autre que l\u2019effet de mare\u0301e, qui de\u0301forme les objets. C\u2019est encore lui qui transformerait les hypothe\u0301tiques voyageurs imprudents qui plongeraient dans un trou noir, en les e\u0301tirant comme des spaghettis.<\/p>\n<p><b>Pour l\u2019observateur, tout cela ressemble a\u0300 un rayonnement de la part du trou noir<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Mais revenons a\u0300 notre couple de particules passant a\u0300 proximite\u0301 du trou noir. Il se voit ainsi e\u0301tire\u0301 et tiraille\u0301 jusqu\u2019a\u0300 ce que les deux particules se dissocient. Celle qui est la plus proche du trou noir tombe vers l\u2019astre, tandis que l\u2019autre s\u2019en e\u0301chappe. Pour l\u2019observateur cela ressemble a\u0300 un rayonnement de la part du trou noir&#8230; Cependant ce rayonnement n\u2019a jamais encore vraiment e\u0301te\u0301 directement observe\u0301 et les expe\u0301rimentateurs rivalisent d\u2019inge\u0301niosite\u0301 pour l\u2019observer en laboratoire.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;informations et d&rsquo;analyses sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\">Madagascar<\/a>, suivez <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/\">Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Madagascar. Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking exactement ?\u201d, a demande\u0301 un internaute nomme\u0301 Capitaine Caverne sur la page Facebook de Sciences et Avenir. Revenons donc sur cette ide\u0301e du ce\u0301le\u0300bre astrophysicien a\u0300 l\u2019occasion de la Question de la semaine. Le nom du ce\u0301le\u0300bre astrophysicien Stephen Hawking, mort le 14 mars 2018, est [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":16972,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-16973","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-madagascar","tag-madagascar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ? - Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking exactement ?\u201d, a demande\u0301 un internaute nomme\u0301 Capitaine Caverne sur la page Fac ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking exactement ?\u201d, a demande\u0301 un internaute nomme\u0301 Capitaine Caverne sur la page Fac ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Madagascar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-08-04T19:25:58+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-08-04T21:08:54+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1200\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ?\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-04T19:25:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-08-04T21:08:54+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking\"},\"wordCount\":554,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Madagascar\",\"Madagascar\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Divers\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking\",\"name\":\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ? - Madagascar\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2023-08-04T19:25:58+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-08-04T21:08:54+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"description\":\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking exactement ?\u201d, a demande\u0301 un internaute nomme\u0301 Capitaine Caverne sur la page Fac ...\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg\",\"width\":1200,\"height\":900,\"caption\":\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ?\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/\",\"name\":\"Madagascar\",\"description\":\"Just another Africa News Agency Sites site\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\",\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ? - Madagascar","description":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking exactement ?\u201d, a demande\u0301 un internaute nomme\u0301 Capitaine Caverne sur la page Fac ...","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking","og_locale":"fr_FR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ?","og_description":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking exactement ?\u201d, a demande\u0301 un internaute nomme\u0301 Capitaine Caverne sur la page Fac ...","og_url":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking","og_site_name":"Madagascar","article_published_time":"2023-08-04T19:25:58+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-08-04T21:08:54+00:00","og_image":[{"width":1200,"height":900,"url":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"cfeditorfr","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\u00c9crit par":"cfeditorfr","Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking"},"author":{"name":"cfeditorfr","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1"},"headline":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ?","datePublished":"2023-08-04T19:25:58+00:00","dateModified":"2023-08-04T21:08:54+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking"},"wordCount":554,"commentCount":0,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg","keywords":["Africa Press","Africa Press-Madagascar","Madagascar"],"articleSection":["Divers","Toutes les actualit\u00e9s"],"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking","url":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking","name":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ? - Madagascar","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg","datePublished":"2023-08-04T19:25:58+00:00","dateModified":"2023-08-04T21:08:54+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1"},"description":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking exactement ?\u201d, a demande\u0301 un internaute nomme\u0301 Capitaine Caverne sur la page Fac ...","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"fr-FR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"fr-FR","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2023\/08\/sm_1691167049.963458.jpg","width":1200,"height":900,"caption":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ?"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/quest-ce-que-le-rayonnement-de-hawking#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Qu\u2019est-ce que le rayonnement de Hawking ?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/","name":"Madagascar","description":"Just another Africa News Agency Sites site","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"fr-FR"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1","name":"cfeditorfr"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16973","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/82"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16973"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16973\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}