{"id":17044,"date":"2023-08-06T16:24:25","date_gmt":"2023-08-06T16:24:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/politique\/a-quoi-ressemblait-la-plus-ancienne-meduse-recemment-decouverte"},"modified":"2023-08-06T18:06:49","modified_gmt":"2023-08-06T18:06:49","slug":"a-quoi-ressemblait-la-plus-ancienne-meduse-recemment-decouverte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/a-quoi-ressemblait-la-plus-ancienne-meduse-recemment-decouverte","title":{"rendered":"A quoi ressemblait la plus ancienne m\u00e9duse r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9couverte ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. <\/strong><\/span>A\u0302ge\u0301e de 505 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, Burgessomedusa phasmiformis est la plus ancienne me\u0301duse nageuse macroscopique. Pour aboutir a\u0300 cette de\u0301couverte, des chercheurs du Muse\u0301e royal de l\u2019Ontario a\u0300 Toronto et de l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Toronto ont e\u0301tudie\u0301 pre\u0300s de 200 fossiles de\u0301couverts dans les anne\u0301es 90, provenant des schistes de Burgess, situe\u0301 en Colombie-Britannique, au Canada. Classe\u0301 au patrimoine mondial de l\u2019UNESCO, il est ce\u0301le\u0300bre pour la pre\u0301servation exceptionnelle d\u2019organismes a\u0300 corps mou remontant a\u0300 la pe\u0301riode cambrienne (de 541 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es a\u0300 484 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es). Leurs re\u0301sultats ont e\u0301te\u0301 publie\u0301s dans la revue Proceedings of the Royal Society B.<\/p>\n

Ces me\u0301duses e\u0301taient des ge\u0301antes de leur e\u0301poque<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cElles ont ge\u0301ne\u0301ralement une forme de cloche, ou de boi\u0302te, et posse\u0300dent de petites tentacules en forment de doigts sur le bord\u201d, indique a\u0300 Sciences et Avenir Jean-Bernard Caron, co-auteur de l\u2019e\u0301tude. Les chercheurs ont me\u0302me re\u0301ussi a\u0300 identifier la place de leur bouche : a\u0300 l\u2019extre\u0301mite\u0301 d\u2019un cylindre, a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur de la cloche. Elle serait ainsi relie\u0301e a\u0300 une grande cavite\u0301 stomacale.<\/p>\n

Certains spe\u0301cimens pre\u0301sentent e\u0301galement quatre gonades allonge\u0301es, des organes sexuels, situe\u0301es a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur et le long de la cloche. Sa taille peut de\u0301passer les 20 cm. \u201cIl faut se figurer que la plupart des animaux des schistes de Burgess sont plus petits que mon petit doigt, les spe\u0301cimens de Burgessomedusa phasmiformis e\u0301taient des ge\u0301ants par rapport aux autres organismes vivant a\u0300 cette e\u0301poque\u201d, s\u2019e\u0301tonne le pale\u0301ontologue. De ve\u0301ritables pre\u0301dateurs selon les auteurs de l\u2019e\u0301tude. Elles seraient e\u0301galement capables de nager librement et de capturer des proies de taille importante.<\/p>\n

Une conservation exceptionnelle<\/b><\/p>\n

Les me\u0301duses sont conside\u0301re\u0301s comme l\u2019un des premiers groupes d\u2019animaux a\u0300 avoir e\u0301volue\u0301 sur Terre. Elles font partie des cnidaires, avec les coraux et les ane\u0301mones de mer. Constitue\u0301s d\u2019au moins 95% d\u2019eau, les me\u0301dusozoaires se conservent tre\u0300s difficilement. \u201cCes fossiles mettent en e\u0301vidence les conditions exceptionnelles de pre\u0301servation des schistes de Burgess. Ce site repousse toutes les limites de la conservation fossile !\u201d, s\u2019enthousiasme Jean-Bernard Caron.<\/p>\n

Selon les chercheurs, les me\u0301duses auraient e\u0301te\u0301 enterre\u0301es tre\u0300s rapidement par des de\u0301po\u0302ts de boue le long du plancher oce\u0301anique. La de\u0301composition des spe\u0301cimens et le charognage ont du\u0302 e\u0302tre extre\u0302mement re\u0301duits, favorise\u0301s par une combinaison de facteurs chimiques. L\u2019association de ces facteurs et d\u2019autres me\u0301canismes encore inconnus a mene\u0301 a\u0300 la pre\u0301servation de ces me\u0301duses.<\/p>\n

L\u2019espoir de de\u0301couvrir de nouveaux sites ou\u0300 d\u2019autres fossiles de me\u0301duses seraient conserve\u0301s<\/b><\/p>\n

Mais comment les pale\u0301ontologues ont-ils re\u0301ussi a\u0300 dater ces spe\u0301cimens ? Gra\u0302ce a\u0300 d\u2019autres fossiles qui ont servi de repe\u0300res relatifs. \u201cLes fossiles dont la distribution ge\u0301ographique est large mais dont l\u2019e\u0301tendue temporelle est limite\u0301e fournissent d\u2019excellentes horloges relatives\u201d, indique le chercheur. En comparant la composition des espe\u0300ces dans diffe\u0301rentes strates de roches plus anciennes et plus re\u0301centes, les scientifiques peuvent ainsi estimer l\u2019a\u0302ge relatif de certains sites. Les archives fossiles des me\u0301duses sont souvent controverse\u0301es.<\/p>\n

Avant la de\u0301couverte de Burgessomedusa, le plus ancien fossile revendique\u0301 de me\u0301duse e\u0301tait un spe\u0301cimen mal conserve\u0301 provenant de Chengjiang, en Chine, et vieux de 518 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es. \u201cNous re\u0301interpre\u0301tons ce fossile comme un organisme de type cte\u0301nophore, un groupe d\u2019animaux diffe\u0301rent qui n\u2019a rien a\u0300 voir avec les me\u0301duses\u201d, nuance Jean-Bernard Caron. Des fossiles plus jeunes provenant de l\u2019Utah et ayant a\u0300 peu pre\u0300s le me\u0302me a\u0302ge que les schistes de Burgess (environ 505 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es) sont e\u0301galement rede\u0301crits comme des fossiles de type cte\u0301nophore dans leur e\u0301tude. A pre\u0301sent, les pale\u0301ontologues cherchent a\u0300 de\u0301terminer les me\u0301canismes qui ont abouti a\u0300 la conservation d\u2019organismes aussi fragiles que ceux des me\u0301duses, ce qui permettra peut-e\u0302tre d\u2019identifier de nouveaux sites aux conditions similaires.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Madagascar<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. A\u0302ge\u0301e de 505 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, Burgessomedusa phasmiformis est la plus ancienne me\u0301duse nageuse macroscopique. Pour aboutir a\u0300 cette de\u0301couverte, des chercheurs du Muse\u0301e royal de l\u2019Ontario a\u0300 Toronto et de l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Toronto ont e\u0301tudie\u0301 pre\u0300s de 200 fossiles de\u0301couverts dans les anne\u0301es 90, provenant des schistes de Burgess, situe\u0301 en Colombie-Britannique, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":17043,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-17044","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-madagascar","tag-madagascar"],"yoast_head":"\nA quoi ressemblait la plus ancienne m\u00e9duse r\u00e9cemment d\u00e9couverte ? - Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A\u0302ge\u0301e de 505 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es, Burgessomedusa phasmiformis est la plus ancienne me\u0301duse nageuse macroscopique. 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