{"id":19504,"date":"2023-09-28T12:50:13","date_gmt":"2023-09-28T12:50:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/politique\/espace-la-nasa-a-recupere-un-tresor-le-plus-gros-echantillon-dasteroide-jamais-collecte"},"modified":"2023-09-28T14:26:49","modified_gmt":"2023-09-28T14:26:49","slug":"espace-la-nasa-a-recupere-un-tresor-le-plus-gros-echantillon-dasteroide-jamais-collecte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/espace-la-nasa-a-recupere-un-tresor-le-plus-gros-echantillon-dasteroide-jamais-collecte","title":{"rendered":"Espace: la Nasa a r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 un \u201ctr\u00e9sor\u201d, le plus gros \u00e9chantillon d\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde jamais collect\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. <\/strong><\/span>Sept ans apre\u0300s son de\u0301collage, la sonde Osiris-Rex a accompli sa mission: livrer a\u0300 l\u2019humanite\u0301 un \u201ctre\u0301sor\u201d, le plus gros e\u0301chantillon d\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de jamais collecte\u0301 dans l\u2019espace, et le premier par la Nasa.<\/p>\n

La capsule contenant l\u2019e\u0301chantillon, pre\u0301leve\u0301 en 2020 sur l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de Bennu, a atterri dimanche dans le de\u0301sert de l\u2019Utah aux Etats-Unis, au terme d\u2019une vertigineuse descente finale a\u0300 travers l\u2019atmosphe\u0300re terrestre, entame\u0301e a\u0300 44.000 km\/h.<\/p>\n

La chute, observe\u0301e par des capteurs de l\u2019arme\u0301e, devait e\u0302tre freine\u0301e par deux parachutes successifs. La Nasa n\u2019a pas confirme\u0301 si le premier avait fonctionne\u0301, mais le second s\u2019est bien de\u0301ploye\u0301, permettant un atterrissage en douceur.<\/p>\n

\u201cNous avons entendu +parachute principal de\u0301ploye\u0301+, et j\u2019ai fondu en larmes\u201d, a raconte\u0301 lors d\u2019une confe\u0301rence de presse Dante Lauretta, responsable scientifique de la mission. \u201cC\u2019est le moment ou\u0300 j\u2019ai su que nous avions re\u0301ussi a\u0300 rentrer a\u0300 la maison.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cPour moi, la science ne fait que commencer\u201d, a ajoute\u0301 le chercheur.<\/b><\/p>\n

L\u2019e\u0301chantillon contient environ 250 g de matie\u0300re, selon l\u2019estimation de l\u2019agence spatiale ame\u0301ricaine \u2014 soit bien plus que les deux pre\u0301ce\u0301dents e\u0301chantillons d\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308des rapporte\u0301s par des missions japonaises.<\/p>\n

L\u2019analyse de Bennu doit permettre de mieux comprendre la formation du syste\u0300me solaire, et comment la Terre est devenue habitable. Apre\u0300s l\u2019atterrissage, une e\u0301quipe a d\u2019abord analyse\u0301 la capsule au sol, afin de s\u2019assurer de son e\u0301tat. Aucune bre\u0300che n\u2019a e\u0301te\u0301 constate\u0301e.<\/p>\n

Elle a ensuite e\u0301te\u0301 enveloppe\u0301e et place\u0301e dans un filet, qui a e\u0301te\u0301 souleve\u0301 par un he\u0301licopte\u0300re pour e\u0302tre emporte\u0301 jusqu\u2019a\u0300 une \u201csalle blanche\u201d temporaire.<\/p>\n

L\u2019enjeu e\u0301tait d\u2019exposer la capsule le moins longtemps possible au sable du de\u0301sert ame\u0301ricain, afin d\u2019e\u0301viter toute contamination de l\u2019e\u0301chantillon qui pourrait fausser les analyses ulte\u0301rieures.<\/p>\n

La zone vise\u0301e au sol pour l\u2019atterrissage faisait 58 km de long sur 14 km de large, sur une base militaire d\u2019habitude utilise\u0301e pour tester des missiles.<\/p>\n

Environ quatre heures avant l\u2019atterrissage, la sonde Osiris-Rex avait rela\u0302che\u0301 la capsule contenant l\u2019e\u0301chantillon, a\u0300 plus de 100.000 km de la Terre. Cette sonde s\u2019est ensuite mise en route pour rendre visite a\u0300 un autre aste\u0301roi\u0308de.<\/p>\n

Deux e\u0301chantillons japonais<\/b><\/p>\n

\u201cLe retour de cet e\u0301chantillon est vraiment historique\u201d, avait de\u0301clare\u0301 cette semaine a\u0300 l\u2019AFP Amy Simon, scientifique a\u0300 la Nasa. Il s\u2019agit du \u201cplus gros e\u0301chantillon que nous rapportons depuis les roches lunaires\u201d du programme Apollo, conclu en 1972.<\/p>\n

Lundi, le pre\u0301cieux paquet sera envoye\u0301 par avion vers le centre spatial Johnson a\u0300 Houston, au Texas. C\u2019est la\u0300 que la boi\u0302te sera ouverte, dans une autre salle herme\u0301tique. La Nasa pre\u0301voit une confe\u0301rence de presse le 11 octobre pour de\u0301voiler de premiers re\u0301sultats.<\/p>\n

La majorite\u0301 de l\u2019e\u0301chantillon sera conserve\u0301e pour e\u0302tre e\u0301tudie\u0301e par des ge\u0301ne\u0301rations futures. Environ 25% seront imme\u0301diatement utilise\u0301s pour des expe\u0301riences, et une petite partie sera partage\u0301e avec le Japon et le Canada, partenaires.<\/p>\n

Le Japon avait lui-me\u0302me donne\u0301 a\u0300 la Nasa quelques grains de l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de Ryugu, dont il avait rapporte\u0301 5,4 grammes en 2020, lors de la mission Hayabusa-2. En 2010, il avait rapporte\u0301 une quantite\u0301 microscopique d\u2019un autre aste\u0301roi\u0308de. Cette fois, l\u2019e\u0301chantillon de Bennu est bien plus gros, donc davantage d\u2019analyses seront possibles.<\/p>\n

Il s\u2019agit d’\u201dun tre\u0301sor pour les analyses scientifiques, durant les anne\u0301es a\u0300 venir, pour nos enfants et nos petits-enfants, et des personnes n\u2019e\u0301tant pas me\u0302me encore ne\u0301es\u201d, a souligne\u0301 Lori Glaze, directrice des sciences plane\u0301taires a\u0300 la Nasa.<\/p>\n

Histoire de notre origine<\/b><\/p>\n

Les aste\u0301roi\u0308des sont compose\u0301s des mate\u0301riaux originels du syste\u0300me solaire, il y a 4,5 milliards d\u2019anne\u0301es. Contrairement a\u0300 la Terre, ils sont reste\u0301s intacts.<\/p>\n

Ils de\u0301tiennent donc des indices sur la fac\u0327on dont le syste\u0300me solaire s\u2019est forme\u0301. Les scientifiques pensent que Bennu (500 me\u0300tres de diame\u0300tre) est riche en carbone, et contient des mole\u0301cules d\u2019eau enferme\u0301es dans des mine\u0301raux.<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u2019objectif principal pour moi (…) est d\u2019essayer de comprendre si ces aste\u0301roi\u0308des riches en carbone comme Bennu ont apporte\u0301 les compose\u0301s qui ont pu conduire a\u0300 la naissance de la vie sur notre plane\u0300te\u201d, a de\u0301clare\u0301 Dante Lauretta.<\/p>\n

Durant la mission, l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de a de\u0301ja\u0300 surpris les scientifiques : sa surface s\u2019e\u0301tait re\u0301ve\u0301le\u0301e moins dense que pre\u0301vue durant la collecte de l\u2019e\u0301chantillon. Le bras de la sonde s\u2019e\u0301tait enfonce\u0301, un peu comme dans une piscine a\u0300 boules.<\/p>\n

Or mieux comprendre sa composition pourrait se re\u0301ve\u0301ler utile a\u0300 l\u2019avenir. Il existe un faible risque (1 chance sur 2.700) que Bennu frappe la Terre en 2182, une collision qui serait catastrophique. Mais la Nasa a re\u0301ussi l\u2019anne\u0301e dernie\u0300re a\u0300 de\u0301vier la trajectoire d\u2019un aste\u0301roi\u0308de en le percutant.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Madagascar<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. Sept ans apre\u0300s son de\u0301collage, la sonde Osiris-Rex a accompli sa mission: livrer a\u0300 l\u2019humanite\u0301 un \u201ctre\u0301sor\u201d, le plus gros e\u0301chantillon d\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de jamais collecte\u0301 dans l\u2019espace, et le premier par la Nasa. La capsule contenant l\u2019e\u0301chantillon, pre\u0301leve\u0301 en 2020 sur l\u2019aste\u0301roi\u0308de Bennu, a atterri dimanche dans le de\u0301sert de l\u2019Utah aux Etats-Unis, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":19503,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-19504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-madagascar","tag-madagascar"],"yoast_head":"\nEspace: la Nasa a r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9 un \u201ctr\u00e9sor\u201d, le plus gros \u00e9chantillon d\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde jamais collect\u00e9 - Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Sept ans apre\u0300s son de\u0301collage, la sonde Osiris-Rex a accompli sa mission: livrer a\u0300 l\u2019humanite\u0301 un 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