{"id":19756,"date":"2023-10-03T19:46:02","date_gmt":"2023-10-03T19:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/politique\/fourmis-zombies-decouverte-de-la-strategie-fourbe-dun-parasite-capable-de-controler-linsecte-et-de-relacher-son-emprise"},"modified":"2023-10-03T21:22:49","modified_gmt":"2023-10-03T21:22:49","slug":"fourmis-zombies-decouverte-de-la-strategie-fourbe-dun-parasite-capable-de-controler-linsecte-et-de-relacher-son-emprise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/fourmis-zombies-decouverte-de-la-strategie-fourbe-dun-parasite-capable-de-controler-linsecte-et-de-relacher-son-emprise","title":{"rendered":"\u201cFourmis zombies\u201d\u00a0: d\u00e9couverte de la strat\u00e9gie fourbe d\u2019un parasite, capable de contr\u00f4ler l\u2019insecte et de rel\u00e2cher son emprise"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #ff6600\"><strong>Africa-Press &#8211; Madagascar. <\/strong><\/span>Ce pourrait e\u0302tre le titre d\u2019un poe\u0300me ine\u0301dit de Jean de La Fontaine, mais c\u2019est juste l\u2019extraordinaire, autant que complexe, cycle de vie qu\u2019un ver parasite emploie pour se multiplier, infectant successivement chacun de ces trois animaux. On pensait ainsi tout connai\u0302tre des strate\u0301gies de la petite douve du foie (Dicrocoelium dendriticum), un petit ver plat (plathelminthe). Mais, des chercheurs de l\u2019universite\u0301 de Copenhague (Danemark) viennent d\u2019en de\u0301couvrir une nouvelle. Ils publient leurs re\u0301sultats dans la revue Behavioral Ecology.<\/p>\n<p><b>Un parasite qui prend le contro\u0302le de la fourmi<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Au cours de leur cycle de vie, les larves de la douve sont mange\u0301es par une fourmi. Tandis que la plupart d\u2019entre elles, soit plusieurs centaines, se calfeutrent dans l\u2019abdomen, rassemble\u0301es a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur d\u2019une capsule ou\u0300 elles seront prote\u0301ge\u0301es des sucs gastriques, l\u2019une des larves de ce ver parasite prend la direction du cerveau de l\u2019insecte. La\u0300, l\u2019individu \u201cpirate\u201d la fourmi et prend litte\u0301ralement le contro\u0302le de son comportement et de ses actions.<\/p>\n<p>Totalement sous emprise, la fourmi va alors grimper le long d\u2019un brin d\u2019herbe de sa prairie. Juche\u0301 tout en haut, l\u2019insecte se retrouve comme paralyse\u0301, n\u2019attendant plus que de se faire brouter par un herbivore \u2013 mouton, vache \u2013 de passage. La raison ? En manipulant ainsi son ho\u0302te, la douve du foie compte bien poursuivre son cycle de maturation et devenir adulte dans l\u2019estomac du ruminant.<\/p>\n<p><b>En e\u0301te\u0301, les fourmis alternent entre emprise et libre-arbitre<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Mais que se passe-t-il si aucun mammife\u0300re ne passe a\u0300 proximite\u0301 pour brouter le ve\u0301ge\u0301tal ? Lorsque la tempe\u0301rature devient trop e\u0301leve\u0301e, la fourmi descend de son e\u0301chafaud et n\u2019en remontera que le soir lorsqu\u2019il fera de nouveau frais. Les chercheurs ont observe\u0301 les pe\u0301re\u0301grinations de 1264 fourmis dans des fore\u0302ts du Danemark en fonction des tempe\u0301ratures exte\u0301rieures. Ils ont de\u0301couvert que durant les jours d\u2019hiver, les fourmis restaient constamment sous contro\u0302le et ne bougeaient pas de leurs brins d\u2019herbe sacrificiels.<\/p>\n<p>En revanche, en e\u0301te\u0301, les fourmis alternaient entre e\u0301tats sous emprise \u2013 soir et matin \u2013 et libre-arbitre durant la journe\u0301e ou\u0300 l\u2019insecte reprenait le contro\u0302le de son corps et pouvait descendre du ve\u0301ge\u0301tal pour se prote\u0301ger des rayons solaires trop intenses. Un e\u0301tat \u201con\/off\u201d totalement de\u0301pendant de la tempe\u0301rature exte\u0301rieure et qui permet au parasite d\u2019e\u0301viter que son ho\u0302te se fasse griller par les UV.<\/p>\n<p><b>Un cycle re\u0301pe\u0301te\u0301 a\u0300 l\u2019infini<\/b><\/p>\n<p>La suite est bien connue des biologistes. Une fois dans l\u2019intestin du mouton, les larves de la douve du foie se nourrissent du sang de l\u2019ho\u0302te, deviennent adultes et pondent des \u0153ufs. Ces derniers sont alors excre\u0301te\u0301s dans les excre\u0301ments du ruminant. Consomme\u0301s par un escargot, les \u0153ufs deviennent des larves et se multiplient a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur du gaste\u0301ropode. Pour en sortir, les parasites provoquent une toux et sont expulse\u0301s dans un mucus. Dont les fourmis sont friandes. Et le cycle peut alors se re\u0301pe\u0301ter et se poursuivre a\u0300 l\u2019infini&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pour plus d&rsquo;informations et d&rsquo;analyses sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\">Madagascar<\/a>, suivez <a href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/\">Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Africa-Press &#8211; Madagascar. Ce pourrait e\u0302tre le titre d\u2019un poe\u0300me ine\u0301dit de Jean de La Fontaine, mais c\u2019est juste l\u2019extraordinaire, autant que complexe, cycle de vie qu\u2019un ver parasite emploie pour se multiplier, infectant successivement chacun de ces trois animaux. On pensait ainsi tout connai\u0302tre des strate\u0301gies de la petite douve du foie (Dicrocoelium dendriticum), [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":19755,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-19756","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-madagascar","tag-madagascar"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v26.1 (Yoast SEO v27.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u201cFourmis zombies\u201d\u00a0: d\u00e9couverte de la strat\u00e9gie fourbe d\u2019un parasite, capable de contr\u00f4ler l\u2019insecte et de rel\u00e2cher son emprise - Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ce pourrait 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