{"id":19949,"date":"2023-10-08T19:12:29","date_gmt":"2023-10-08T19:12:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/politique\/madagascar-sur-la-route-du-desenclavement"},"modified":"2023-10-08T21:18:11","modified_gmt":"2023-10-08T21:18:11","slug":"madagascar-sur-la-route-du-desenclavement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/politique\/madagascar-sur-la-route-du-desenclavement","title":{"rendered":"Madagascar sur la route du d\u00e9senclavement"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. <\/strong><\/span>Pendant plus de cinquante ans, la Grande I\u0302le a privile\u0301gie\u0301 la desserte ae\u0301rienne inte\u0301rieure. Re\u0301sultat, elle ne dispose toujours pas d\u2019un re\u0301seau routier a\u0300 me\u0302me d\u2019assurer son de\u0301veloppement.<\/p>\n

Certains choix politiques fac\u0327onnent pour longtemps la re\u0301alite\u0301 d\u2019un pays. Et le choix ope\u0301re\u0301 par les pe\u0300res de l\u2019inde\u0301pendance malgache, lors de la premie\u0300re Re\u0301publique, de privile\u0301gier la desserte ae\u0301rienne inte\u0301rieure en multipliant les ae\u0301rodromes re\u0301gionaux, pluto\u0302t que de ba\u0302tir un re\u0301seau routier digne de ce nom, continue aujourd\u2019hui d\u2019affecter les activite\u0301s e\u0301conomiques et le de\u0301veloppement humain a\u0300 travers tout le pays.<\/p>\n

Moins de 6 000 km bitume\u0301s<\/b><\/p>\n

D\u2019autant plus que, ces dernie\u0300res anne\u0301es, les dirigeants malgaches n\u2019ont gue\u0300re montre\u0301 d\u2019inte\u0301re\u0302t pour un dossier qui n\u2019a connu aucune avance\u0301e significative depuis le premier mandat de Marc Ravalomanana (2002-2006). Gele\u0301s pendant la transition, de 2009 a\u0300 2013, les investissements routiers se sont ensuite concentre\u0301s autour d\u2019Antananarivo, avec la re\u0301habilitation ou la cre\u0301ation de bretelles et de rocades entre la capitale, son ae\u0301roport international, et quelques agglome\u0301rations environnantes.<\/p>\n

Re\u0301sultat, sur les 50 000 kilome\u0300tres (km) de routes existant dans le pays, seuls 30 000 km sont aujourd\u2019hui praticables, dont moins de 6 000 sont bitume\u0301s, le reste e\u0301tant constitue\u0301 de pistes en terre, pour la plupart ferme\u0301es pendant la saison des pluies (laquelle s\u2019e\u0301tire de novembre a\u0300 avril). En 2022, la Banque mondiale a estime\u0301 la densite\u0301 routie\u0300re de Madagascar a\u0300 5,4 km pour 100 km2, soit l\u2019un des indices les plus faibles du monde, soulignant que pre\u0300s de 17 millions de personnes, soit plus de la moitie\u0301 de la population, est ainsi litte\u0301ralement laisse\u0301e au bord de la route.<\/p>\n

Pour de nombreux observateurs, la situation du re\u0301seau routier, en sous-e\u0301quipement chronique, s\u2019est me\u0302me de\u0301grade\u0301e ces dernie\u0300res anne\u0301es. De\u0300s le de\u0301but de son nouveau mandat, en 2019, Andry Rajoelina s\u2019est pourtant empresse\u0301 d\u2019engager la re\u0301habilitation, sur 80 km, de la route nationale (RN) 44, qui relie la capitale au grenier a\u0300 riz de la re\u0301gion d\u2019Alatroa. Mais il a ensuite fallu attendre juin 2022 pour voir de\u0301marrer les travaux sur la RN13 et la RN12A, qui desservent les re\u0301gions enclave\u0301es du sud de l\u2019i\u0302le. Et, pour chacun de ces chantiers, ce sont les bailleurs internationaux \u2013 Banque mondiale, Banque africaine de de\u0301veloppement (BAD) ou Banque europe\u0301enne d\u2019investissement (BEI) \u2013, qui ont mis la main au portefeuille. En effet, le Fonds d\u2019entretien routier (FER), cre\u0301e\u0301 en 1997 et devenu Fonds routier en 2019, n\u2019a jamais vraiment rempli son office. Personne ne semble me\u0302me pouvoir dire aujourd\u2019hui de quel montant exact il dispose.<\/p>\n

Re\u0301novations en cours et annonces opportunes<\/b><\/p>\n

Quelle n\u2019a donc e\u0301te\u0301 la surprise quand, au de\u0301but de juillet dernier, un conseil des ministres spe\u0301cial, dirige\u0301 par le pre\u0301sident Rajoelina, a de\u0301clare\u0301 vouloir lancer un vaste programme de re\u0301habilitation de plusieurs axes de la capitale, ainsi que quelques tronc\u0327ons des routes nationales 2, 4, 6 et 7. L\u2019annonce est e\u0301videmment tre\u0300s opportune, a\u0300 quelques mois de la pre\u0301sidentielle pre\u0301vue le 9 novembre prochain, et aucun de\u0301tail n\u2019a e\u0301te\u0301 fourni, ni sur le financement ni sur les de\u0301lais de livraison des chantiers.<\/p>\n

Mais l\u2019essentiel est ailleurs : \u00ab C\u2019est la premie\u0300re fois, depuis des de\u0301cennies, qu\u2019un tel chantier va voir le jour dans le pays \u00bb, s\u2019enthousiasme le repre\u0301sentant de l\u2019un des principaux bailleurs du pays. Ces derniers comptent d\u2019ailleurs poursuivre leurs efforts pour accompagner le de\u0301veloppement des infrastructures routie\u0300res, a\u0300 commencer par la Banque mondiale, qui, comme l\u2019explique l\u2019un de ses responsables, a de\u0301ja\u0300 de\u0301caisse\u0301 400 millions de dollars pour la re\u0301novation (en cours) de routes essentielles a\u0300 une meilleure connectivite\u0301 a\u0300 l\u2019inte\u0301rieur de l\u2019i\u0302le, comme la RN10, dans le sud-ouest, ou la RN31 dans le nord-est. L\u2019institution voit me\u0302me plus loin : elle pre\u0301pare, pour 2024, le lancement d\u2019un programme de 1 milliard de dollars sur dix ans pour de\u0301velopper l\u2019ensemble du secteur des transports malgaches, \u00ab selon une logique multimodale \u00bb aujourd\u2019hui encore ine\u0301dite dans le pays.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Madagascar<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. Pendant plus de cinquante ans, la Grande I\u0302le a privile\u0301gie\u0301 la desserte ae\u0301rienne inte\u0301rieure. Re\u0301sultat, elle ne dispose toujours pas d\u2019un re\u0301seau routier a\u0300 me\u0302me d\u2019assurer son de\u0301veloppement. Certains choix politiques fac\u0327onnent pour longtemps la re\u0301alite\u0301 d\u2019un pays. Et le choix ope\u0301re\u0301 par les pe\u0300res de l\u2019inde\u0301pendance malgache, lors de la premie\u0300re […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":19948,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,2,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-19949","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-economie","category-politique","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-madagascar","tag-madagascar"],"yoast_head":"\nMadagascar sur la route du d\u00e9senclavement - Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Pendant plus de cinquante ans, la Grande I\u0302le a privile\u0301gie\u0301 la desserte ae\u0301rienne inte\u0301rieure. 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