{"id":41825,"date":"2026-02-27T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T12:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/politique\/genome-du-vampire-des-abysses-eclaire-origine-des-pieuvres"},"modified":"2026-02-27T20:31:51","modified_gmt":"2026-02-27T20:31:51","slug":"genome-du-vampire-des-abysses-eclaire-origine-des-pieuvres","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/genome-du-vampire-des-abysses-eclaire-origine-des-pieuvres","title":{"rendered":"G\u00e9nome du Vampire des Abysses \u00c9claire Origine des Pieuvres"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. <\/strong><\/span>Les pieuvres avaient jusqu\u2019ici brouille\u0301 la piste de leur origine. Mais le se\u0301quenc\u0327age du ge\u0301nome de Vampyroteuthis infernalis, un repre\u0301sentant tre\u0300s particulier de ces ce\u0301phalopodes, a permis de les rattacher au groupe plus ancien des calmars et des seiches. Publie\u0301e dans la revue iScience par une e\u0301quipe de l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Vienne (Autriche) et de chercheurs japonais (National Institute of Technology \u2013 Wakayama College et Shimane University), l\u2019e\u0301tude apporte un e\u0301clairage nouveau sur leur histoire e\u0301volutive. \u00ab Cette e\u0301tude est une avance\u0301e car le ge\u0301nome des pieuvres, fortement remanie\u0301 au cours de leur e\u0301volution, s\u2019est ave\u0301re\u0301 tre\u0300s difficile a\u0300 e\u0301tudier jusqu\u2019a\u0300 aujourd\u2019hui \u00bb, te\u0301moigne Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli, spe\u0301cialiste de ces animaux au Muse\u0301um national d\u2019histoire naturelle a\u0300 Paris.<\/p>\n

Un ge\u0301nome reste\u0301 proche de l\u2019ance\u0302tre commun<\/b><\/p>\n

Avec ses bras relie\u0301s par une membrane et de grands yeux rouges ou bleus, cette myste\u0301rieuse pieuvre noire des grands fonds est longtemps apparue comme l\u2019ultime survivant des vampyropodes, groupe interme\u0301diaire entre celui des calmars\/seiches et celui plus re\u0301cent des pieuvres, qui a re\u0301gne\u0301 dans les mers jusqu\u2019a\u0300 la fin du Cre\u0301tace\u0301, il y a 66 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es. L\u2019e\u0301tude montre que son e\u0301norme ge\u0301nome, d\u2019une taille pre\u0300s de quatre fois supe\u0301rieure au no\u0302tre (environ 11 milliards de bases, le plus vaste ge\u0301nome de ce\u0301phalopode se\u0301quence\u0301 a\u0300 ce jour), a conserve\u0301 une disposition chromosomique proche de celle du calmar.<\/p>\n

Autrement dit, son organisation reste proche de l\u2019e\u0301tat ancestral. De plus, son ge\u0301nome n\u2019a pas subi l\u2019ensemble des fusions chromosomiques observe\u0301es chez les pieuvres modernes: au cours de leur e\u0301volution, plusieurs chromosomes distincts se sont soude\u0301s les uns aux autres, faisant passer leur nombre de 46 chez les calmars et les seiches, a\u0300 28 chez la pieuvre courante. Cette fusion progressive de chromosomes constitue l\u2019un des grands tournants de l\u2019e\u0301volution des pieuvres. Vampyroteuthis infernalis conserve ainsi une architecture interme\u0301diaire, pre\u0301cieuse pour reconstituer les e\u0301tapes de cette transformation.<\/p>\n

230 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es de re\u0301organisation chromosomique<\/b><\/p>\n

Ce grand re\u0301arrangement a de\u0301bute\u0301 il y a plus de 230 millions d\u2019anne\u0301es. Il s\u2019est poursuivi jusqu\u2019a\u0300 re\u0301cemment chez les pieuvres et s\u2019est accompagne\u0301 d\u2019une forte re\u0301duction de la taille de leur ge\u0301nome. \u00ab Au cours de cette e\u0301volution, les pieuvres ont perdu leur coquille interne et les deux tentacules des calmars et seiches. Mais elles ont aussi acquis des branchies tre\u0300s de\u0301veloppe\u0301es leur permettant de fuir un instant hors de l\u2019eau leurs pre\u0301dateurs pour les pieuvres communes, ou de vivre dans les abysses peu oxyge\u0301ne\u0301s comme c\u2019est le cas de Vampyroteuthis \u00bb, pre\u0301cise Laure Bonnaud-Ponticelli.<\/p>\n

Pour se nourrir dans l\u2019obscurite\u0301, ce dernier flotte en pleine eau gra\u0302ce a\u0300 sa coupole membranaire couverte de mucus qu\u2019il utilise pour capter le plancton a\u0300 de\u0301faut de proies et de de\u0301bris animaux plus volumineux. Tire\u0301 de l\u2019oubli par les chercheurs, il te\u0301moigne d\u2019une tre\u0300s longue histoire e\u0301volutive des ce\u0301phalopodes qui commence a\u0300 peine a\u0300 e\u0302tre explore\u0301e.<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Madagascar<\/span>, suivez Africa-Press<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. Les pieuvres avaient jusqu\u2019ici brouille\u0301 la piste de leur origine. Mais le se\u0301quenc\u0327age du ge\u0301nome de Vampyroteuthis infernalis, un repre\u0301sentant tre\u0300s particulier de ces ce\u0301phalopodes, a permis de les rattacher au groupe plus ancien des calmars et des seiches. Publie\u0301e dans la revue iScience par une e\u0301quipe de l\u2019Universite\u0301 de Vienne (Autriche) […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":41824,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,10],"tags":[49],"class_list":["post-41825","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-madagascar"],"yoast_head":"\nG\u00e9nome du Vampire des Abysses \u00c9claire Origine des Pieuvres - Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Les pieuvres avaient jusqu\u2019ici brouille\u0301 la piste de leur origine. 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