{"id":8738,"date":"2022-06-24T23:54:48","date_gmt":"2022-06-24T23:54:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/politique\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle"},"modified":"2022-06-25T00:07:35","modified_gmt":"2022-06-25T00:07:35","slug":"histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle","title":{"rendered":"Histoire : Les Malgaches de la \u00ab slave trade \u00bb du XVIIe au XIXe si\u00e8cle"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. <\/strong><\/span>La traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 moins flagrante \u00e0 Madagascar parce que l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest a \u00e9t\u00e9 la plus d\u00e9pec\u00e9e par les marchands d\u2019\u00eatres humains. Cependant, elle a exist\u00e9, des Malgaches ont \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9s en Am\u00e9rique du Nord et du Sud. Leurs descendants se manifestent petit \u00e0 petit.<\/p>\n

Ils et elles seraient peu nombreux, mais commencent \u00e0 se poser des questions. Ces descendants d\u2019esclaves aux \u00c9tats-Unis, d\u00e9port\u00e9s depuis Madagascar, du port de Toamasina pour la plupart. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019entremise des bateaux hollandais, marchands d\u2019humains.<\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re vague du XVIIe si\u00e8cle a d\u00e9barqu\u00e9 \u00e0 New York et au Canada, en Nouvelle-France. Un ancien territoire colonis\u00e9 par la France, dont la capitale est le Qu\u00e9bec. D\u2019autres vagues sont venues au fil du temps.<\/p>\n

Une famille am\u00e9ricaine \u00e9tait particuli\u00e8rement active dans ce march\u00e9. La famille Phillips, propri\u00e9taire terrien, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e en ces temps comme l\u2019une des plus riches du monde. Son histoire semble \u00eatre moins pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 celle des autres grandes lign\u00e9es dans la m\u00e9moire collective locale.<\/p>\n

Le commerce d\u2019esclaves a connu alors une p\u00e9riode faste entre le XVIIe et le XIXe si\u00e8cle dans la Grande \u00cele. Malgaches et Europ\u00e9ens travaillaient de concert pour acqu\u00e9rir ces futures mains-d\u2019\u0153uvre des plantations am\u00e9ricaines.<\/p>\n

Et \u00e7a ratissait large. Du nord au centre, de l\u2019Est jusqu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019Ouest du pays. Le Sud, un territoire \u00e0 la nature difficile, \u00e9tait moins attrayant. Le voyage de l\u2019oubli d\u00e9butait depuis un march\u00e9 d\u2019esclaves situ\u00e9 sur une sorte de zone tampon dans le Vakiniadiana \u00e0 Ambatomanga.<\/p>\n

Cette place \u00e9tait le d\u00e9cor d\u2019adieu \u00e0 jamais entre le p\u00e8re, les fr\u00e8res, l\u2019oncle et toute sa famille. Les traces arch\u00e9ologiques d\u2019un grand march\u00e9 d\u2019esclaves s\u2019y trouvent encore maintenant. Sur une colline d\u00e9garnie et gris\u00e2tre. O\u00f9 des pierres ajust\u00e9es t\u00e9moignent d\u2019hommes qui y pr\u00e9paraient leur repas.<\/p>\n

Des milliers de Malgaches, mais aussi des Africains, y ont s\u00e9journ\u00e9 avant de se retrouver de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 du monde, \u00e0 des milliers de kilom\u00e8tres de leurs terres. Acheteurs arabes, persans et europ\u00e9ens c\u00f4toyaient les interm\u00e9diaires malgaches.<\/p>\n

Des navires comme le \u00ab Prince Eug\u00e8ne \u00bb, \u00ab Henrietta \u00bb, \u00ab Mercury \u00bb, \u00ab Gascoigne Galley \u00bb, \u00ab Rebecca Snow \u00bb\u2026 faisaient la navette relais entre les deux pays. Entrant par les rivi\u00e8res Rappahannock et York, de l\u2019\u00c9tat de Virginie.<\/p>\n

Plus de 400 ans apr\u00e8s, voil\u00e0 que les descendants de ces Malgaches d\u00e9port\u00e9s se mettent \u00e0 rechercher leurs anc\u00eatres. Dans l\u2019\u00c9tat du Vermont, au Nord-Est am\u00e9ricain, il y aurait maintenant des dizaines de famille en contact. Des recherches g\u00e9n\u00e9tiques leur ont confirm\u00e9 des ascendances malgaches.<\/p>\n

\u00ab Le Vermont est parmi les villes o\u00f9 les esclaves ont pris la fuite, puisqu\u2019elle \u00e9tait tr\u00e8s lib\u00e9rale \u00bb a, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, soulign\u00e9 Antonio M\u00e9dard Tata, un Malgache habitant la r\u00e9gion et ayant effectu\u00e9 des interventions \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 d\u2019Harvard.<\/p>\n

La distinction est n\u00e9cessaire sur les descendants malgaches \u00e9tablis depuis des si\u00e8cles aux \u00c9tats-Unis. \u00c0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 des vagues de d\u00e9port\u00e9s, se trouvaient des hommes libres. Bien Malgaches. Ces derniers \u00e9taient plut\u00f4t des \u00e9missaires de richissimes europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n

Des genres de courtiers, le march\u00e9 des produits de l\u2019Oc\u00e9an Indien a \u00e9t\u00e9 contr\u00f4l\u00e9 par les Anglais, alors ma\u00eetres de la mer, \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque. Pour pouvoir se fournir en produit local, les marchands am\u00e9ricains recouraient parfois \u00e0 des interm\u00e9diaires.<\/p>\n

Ou encore des \u00e9vang\u00e9listes. Leurs missions \u00e9taient de faire conna\u00eetre J\u00e9sus et ses ouailles dans les communaut\u00e9s noires. Traces mondialis\u00e9es de cette \u00e9vang\u00e9lisation, le \u00ab negro spirituals \u00bb. Alors, esclaves et agents libres malgaches arrivaient dans les m\u00eames ports en Am\u00e9rique.<\/p>\n

Voil\u00e0 pourquoi, l\u2019histoire de cette traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re malgache reste encore probl\u00e9matique et inspire peu de sp\u00e9cialistes aux Etats-Unis. Puisqu\u2019entre l\u2019histoire des arrivants libres et celle des esclaves, la tra\u00e7abilit\u00e9 de leurs mouvements est parfois trompeuse.<\/p>\n

La g\u00e9n\u00e9tique a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 appel\u00e9e en renfort. Sauf dans les cas o\u00f9 des descendants ont pu recueillir des t\u00e9moignages de leurs arri\u00e8res-grands-parents de leur vivant. C\u2019est le cas de Kiah Diggs. Un am\u00e9ricain pur jus si l\u2019on peut le dire ainsi.<\/p>\n

Ancien esclave et a combattu dans la fameuse \u00ab 38th Regiment United States Colored Infantry \u00bb. Trois des membres de ce r\u00e9giment ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9cor\u00e9s de la m\u00e9daille d\u2019honneur. Ce Malgache a donc \u00e9t\u00e9 un des survivants de cette compagnie.<\/p>\n

Son arri\u00e8re-petite-fille devenue agent de la \u00ab National Security Agency \u00bb ou NSA, est l\u2019une des seules \u00e0 avoir pu t\u00e9moigner de l\u2019histoire de son a\u00efeul dans les m\u00e9dias am\u00e9ricains. \u00c0 part cela, deux livres biographiques ont aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Maminirina Rado<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Madagascar<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. La traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 moins flagrante \u00e0 Madagascar parce que l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest a \u00e9t\u00e9 la plus d\u00e9pec\u00e9e par les marchands d\u2019\u00eatres humains. Cependant, elle a exist\u00e9, des Malgaches ont \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9s en Am\u00e9rique du Nord et du Sud. Leurs descendants se manifestent petit \u00e0 petit. Ils et elles seraient peu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":8737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[5,11,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-8738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-culture-et-art","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-madagascar","tag-madagascar"],"yoast_head":"\nHistoire : Les Malgaches de la \u00ab slave trade \u00bb du XVIIe au XIXe si\u00e8cle - Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 moins flagrante \u00e0 Madagascar parce que l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest a \u00e9t\u00e9 la plus d\u00e9pec\u00e9e par les march ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Histoire : Les Malgaches de la \u00ab slave trade \u00bb du XVIIe au XIXe si\u00e8cle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"La traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 moins flagrante \u00e0 Madagascar parce que l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest a \u00e9t\u00e9 la plus d\u00e9pec\u00e9e par les march ...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Madagascar\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2022-06-24T23:54:48+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2022-06-25T00:07:35+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2022\/06\/postQueueImg_21-62b651b6d41a7.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"605\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"593\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u00c9crit par\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cfeditorfr\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Dur\u00e9e de lecture estim\u00e9e\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"cfeditorfr\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/#\/schema\/person\/2b1cf3cd81a31e3cd26889ca66d677f1\"},\"headline\":\"Histoire : Les Malgaches de la \u00ab slave trade \u00bb du XVIIe au XIXe si\u00e8cle\",\"datePublished\":\"2022-06-24T23:54:48+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2022-06-25T00:07:35+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle\"},\"wordCount\":851,\"commentCount\":0,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/static.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/sites\/56\/2022\/06\/postQueueImg_21-62b651b6d41a7.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"Africa Press\",\"Africa Press-Madagascar\",\"Madagascar\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Culture et Art\",\"homepage-french\",\"Toutes les actualit\u00e9s\"],\"inLanguage\":\"fr-FR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/culture-et-art\/histoire-les-malgaches-de-la-slave-trade-du-xviie-au-xixe-siecle\",\"name\":\"Histoire : Les Malgaches de la \u00ab slave trade \u00bb du XVIIe au XIXe si\u00e8cle - 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