{"id":9947,"date":"2022-08-24T17:39:59","date_gmt":"2022-08-24T17:39:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/politique\/paleontologie-comment-nos-ancetres-ont-ils-survecu-a-lasteroide-qui-a-tue-les-dinosaures"},"modified":"2022-08-24T18:16:36","modified_gmt":"2022-08-24T18:16:36","slug":"paleontologie-comment-nos-ancetres-ont-ils-survecu-a-lasteroide-qui-a-tue-les-dinosaures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/madagascar\/toutes-les-actualites\/paleontologie-comment-nos-ancetres-ont-ils-survecu-a-lasteroide-qui-a-tue-les-dinosaures","title":{"rendered":"Pal\u00e9ontologie : comment nos anc\u00eatres ont-ils surv\u00e9cu \u00e0 l\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde qui a tu\u00e9 les dinosaures ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. <\/strong><\/span>Dans l\u2019obscurit\u00e9, les cendres et la chaleur mortelle, un minuscule animal \u00e0 fourrure traverse en courant le paysage infernal laiss\u00e9 par la pire journ\u00e9e de l\u2019histoire de la Terre pour les \u00eatres vivants.<\/p>\n

Il fouille dans les d\u00e9combres, attrape un insecte \u00e0 manger et se pr\u00e9cipite vers son abri. Tout autour de lui se trouvent les corps morts et mourants des dinosaures qui ont terroris\u00e9 les mammif\u00e8res pendant des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n

Ce sont les premi\u00e8res semaines et les premiers mois qui ont suivi l\u2019impact d\u2019un ast\u00e9ro\u00efde de 10 km de large sur la c\u00f4te de l\u2019actuel Mexique, avec la puissance de plus d\u2019un milliard de bombes nucl\u00e9aires, mettant fin de mani\u00e8re spectaculaire au Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 l\u2019aube de l\u2019\u00e8re suivante, le Pal\u00e9oc\u00e8ne, les for\u00eats s\u2019enflammaient, les c\u00f4tes \u00e9taient secou\u00e9es par des tsunamis et de grandes quantit\u00e9s de roches vaporis\u00e9es, de cendres et de poussi\u00e8res s\u2019\u00e9levaient \u00e0 des kilom\u00e8tres dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Mais ce monde n\u2019\u00e9tait pas d\u00e9pourvu de vie. Parmi les survivants se trouvait le plus ancien primate connu, le Purgatorius, qui ressemblait \u00e0 un croisement entre une musaraigne et un petit \u00e9cureuil.<\/p>\n

Le nombre de ces animaux a probablement diminu\u00e9 au milieu de cette catastrophe mondiale, mais l\u2019esp\u00e8ce a surv\u00e9cu.<\/p>\n

Telle \u00e9tait la vie des premiers mammif\u00e8res peu de temps apr\u00e8s que l\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde a frapp\u00e9 et \u00e9teint les trois quarts des esp\u00e8ces vivantes de la Terre.<\/p>\n

Seule la Grande mortalit\u00e9, il y a 252 millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es, a \u00e9t\u00e9 plus meurtri\u00e8re (bien que moins soudaine), \u00e9liminant 95% de la vie dans les oc\u00e9ans et 70% de la vie sur terre.<\/p>\n

L\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde qui a an\u00e9anti le Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9 a emport\u00e9 avec lui des dinosaures c\u00e9l\u00e8bres comme le Tyrannosaurus et le Triceratops, ainsi que des cr\u00e9atures moins connues mais bizarres comme l\u2019Anzu ou \u201cpoulet de l\u2019enfer\u201d.<\/p>\n

Il y avait des dinosaures \u00e0 bec de canard, des dinosaures \u00e0 long cou et des dinosaures avec des armures sur tout le corps. Ils sont tous morts, brusquement.<\/p>\n

Dans l\u2019ombre de ces rois et reines du Cr\u00e9tac\u00e9 sup\u00e9rieur, les mammif\u00e8res comme le Purgatorius \u00e9taient petits et rudimentaires, beaucoup d\u2019entre eux occupant les types de niches \u00e9cologiques que les rongeurs occupent aujourd\u2019hui.<\/p>\n

Comment ce groupe diversifi\u00e9 de cr\u00e9atures apparemment vuln\u00e9rables, dont nos anc\u00eatres, a-t-il surv\u00e9cu au jour du jugement ?<\/p>\n

C\u2019est une question sur laquelle Steve Brusatte, auteur de The Rise and Reign of the Mammals, et ses coll\u00e8gues de l\u2019universit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00c9dimbourg se sont pench\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Brusatte souligne que le jour de l\u2019impact de l\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde a \u00e9t\u00e9 une tr\u00e8s mauvaise journ\u00e9e pour tout ce qui \u00e9tait vivant, y compris les mammif\u00e8res, les oiseaux (les dinosaures aviaires) et les reptiles.<\/p>\n

\u201cCe n\u2019\u00e9tait pas un ast\u00e9ro\u00efde ordinaire, c\u2019\u00e9tait le plus gros ast\u00e9ro\u00efde \u00e0 frapper la Terre au cours des 500 derniers millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es au moins\u201d, explique Brusatte. \u201cLes mammif\u00e8res \u00e9taient sur le point de dispara\u00eetre comme les dinosaures.\u201d<\/p>\n

Pour plus d’informations et d’analyses sur la Madagascar<\/a>, suivez Africa-Press<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Madagascar. Dans l\u2019obscurit\u00e9, les cendres et la chaleur mortelle, un minuscule animal \u00e0 fourrure traverse en courant le paysage infernal laiss\u00e9 par la pire journ\u00e9e de l\u2019histoire de la Terre pour les \u00eatres vivants. Il fouille dans les d\u00e9combres, attrape un insecte \u00e0 manger et se pr\u00e9cipite vers son abri. Tout autour de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":9946,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,11,10],"tags":[36,50,49],"class_list":["post-9947","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-madagascar","tag-madagascar"],"yoast_head":"\nPal\u00e9ontologie : comment nos anc\u00eatres ont-ils surv\u00e9cu \u00e0 l\u2019ast\u00e9ro\u00efde qui a tu\u00e9 les dinosaures ? - Madagascar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Dans l\u2019obscurit\u00e9, les cendres et la chaleur mortelle, un minuscule animal \u00e0 fourrure traverse en courant le paysage infe ...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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