{"id":1057,"date":"2021-04-24T19:02:35","date_gmt":"2021-04-24T19:02:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/?p=1057"},"modified":"2021-04-23T21:58:56","modified_gmt":"2021-04-23T21:58:56","slug":"sur-mars-la-nasa-est-parvenue-a-fabriquer-de-loxygene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.africa-press.net\/mali\/homepage-french\/sur-mars-la-nasa-est-parvenue-a-fabriquer-de-loxygene","title":{"rendered":"Sur Mars, la NASA est parvenue \u00e0 fabriquer de l’oxyg\u00e8ne"},"content":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press<\/a> – Mali<\/a>. <\/strong><\/span>Apr\u00e8s le premier vol d’un drone sur une autre plan\u00e8te, le robot Perseverance poursuit ses premi\u00e8res technologiques. La NASA vient de r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 produire 6g d’oxyg\u00e8ne pur \u00e0 partir de l’atmosph\u00e8re de la plan\u00e8te rouge, essentiellement compos\u00e9e de gaz carbonique.<\/p>\n

C’est une nouvelle prouesse. D\u00e9laissant le temps d’une journ\u00e9e sa qu\u00eate de traces de vie pass\u00e9e sur Mars, le robot Perseverance a r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 produire une petite quantit\u00e9 d’oxyg\u00e8ne pur gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l’instrument MOXIE.<\/p>\n

Situ\u00e9 dans le ventre du robot, de la taille d’une batterie de voiture, Moxie est une bo\u00eete dor\u00e9e qui vise \u00e0 transformer le CO2 de l’atmosph\u00e8re martienne (compos\u00e9e \u00e0 96% de ce gaz) en dioxyg\u00e8ne (O2) et monoxyde de carbone (CO). Sch\u00e9matiquement, l’instrument renifle l’air martien puis \u00ab\u00a0il est comprim\u00e9 entre 500 millibars et 1 bar avant de circuler dans des cellules \u00e9lectrochimiques bas\u00e9es sur l’\u00e9lectrolyse\u00a0\u00bb d\u00e9taille Pierre-Yves Meslin, chercheur \u00e0 l’INRAP, l’institut nationale de recherches en astrophysique et plan\u00e9tologie. \u00ab\u00a0On arrache \u00e0 800\u00b0 les atomes d’oxyg\u00e8ne du CO2, avant de les recombiner pour faire de l’oxyg\u00e8ne ultra pur\u00a0\u00bb compl\u00e8te Sylvestre Maurice, p\u00e8re de l’instrument SuperCam \u00e0 bord du robot. Moxie est parvenu \u00e0 fabriquer 6 grammes d’O2 en 1 heure. \u00ab\u00a0C’est peu, mais c’est un bon d\u00e9but.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>\n

Si cette r\u00e9action chimique est maitris\u00e9e sur Terre, elle devient plus d\u00e9licate in situ sur Mars car en cas d’erreur de dosage, de l’\u00e9nergie notamment, la r\u00e9action chimique peut produire des suies de carbone capables d’encrasser les \u00e9lectrodes de l’instrument.<\/p>\n

Produire de quoi respirer et de quoi d\u00e9coller<\/b><\/p>\n

La NASA a calcul\u00e9 que les 6 grammes produits permettraient \u00e0 un astronaute de respirer 10 minutes. Ses besoins journaliers sont estim\u00e9s \u00e0 700 grammes d’oxyg\u00e8ne par jour : cela donne une id\u00e9e de la taille de l’installation qu’il faudrait construire pour un \u00e9quipage de plusieurs membres !<\/p>\n

Toutefois, \u00ab\u00a0un autre d\u00e9fi de l’exploration martienne est l’utilisation des ressources in situ. C’est pas simplement de faire respirer les astronautes : c’est de fournir un carburant de retour pour la fus\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, pr\u00e9cise Sylvestre Maurice. Selon la NASA, pour faire red\u00e9coller un petit \u00e9quipage de Mars \u00e0 bord d’une fus\u00e9e, il faudrait 25 \u00e0 35 tonnes d’oxyg\u00e8ne liquide. Il servirait de comburant, si toutefois le carburant est d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur place. L\u00e0 encore, on n’y est pas. Mais cette nouvelle d\u00e9monstration technique r\u00e9ussie marque sans nul doute une \u00e9tape suppl\u00e9mentaire vers la conqu\u00eate martienne, qu’elle soit robotique ou humaine.<\/p>\n

Car faire red\u00e9coller une fus\u00e9e de Mars n’est pas pure fiction. C’est l’un des objectifs fix\u00e9s pour le retour d’\u00e9chantillons sur Terre, pr\u00e9vu \u00e0 partir de 2026. Il faudra, une fois les cailloux collect\u00e9s par Mars rassembl\u00e9s, faire red\u00e9coller une fus\u00e9e pour un rendez-vous en orbite avant la destination finale: le d\u00e9sert am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Africa-Press – Mali. Apr\u00e8s le premier vol d’un drone sur une autre plan\u00e8te, le robot Perseverance poursuit ses premi\u00e8res technologiques. La NASA vient de r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 produire 6g d’oxyg\u00e8ne pur \u00e0 partir de l’atmosph\u00e8re de la plan\u00e8te rouge, essentiellement compos\u00e9e de gaz carbonique. C’est une nouvelle prouesse. D\u00e9laissant le temps d’une journ\u00e9e sa qu\u00eate de […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":82,"featured_media":1056,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,11,17],"tags":[76,86,19,98,90,136],"class_list":["post-1057","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-divers","category-homepage-french","category-toutes-les-actualites","tag-africa-press","tag-africa-press-mali","tag-mali","tag-mars","tag-nasa","tag-oxygene"],"yoast_head":"\nSur Mars, la NASA est parvenue \u00e0 fabriquer de l'oxyg\u00e8ne - Mali<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Apr\u00e8s le premier vol d'un drone sur une autre plan\u00e8te, le robot Perseverance poursuit ses premi\u00e8res technologiques. 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